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Aveyj ûmvBb MZ 3 gvP© 213Zg el©c~wZ©i w`‡b Av‡qvwRZ `ievi I cÖxwZ‡fvR Abyôv‡b †`k‡K mš¿vm, `ybx©wZ I `vwi`ªgy³ Ki‡Z Ges †`‡ki mxgvšÍ‡K kÎægy³ myiwÿZ ivL‡Z AviI †ewk AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b wewWAvi †Rvqvb‡`i A½xKvie× nIqvi Avnevb Rvbvb| mß`k kZ‡Ki †kl fv‡M PÆMÖv‡gi cve©Z¨ GjvKvq (eZ©gvb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg) we‡`ªvn †`Lv w`‡j G GjvKv iÿvi Rb¨ B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx 1795 mv‡j gvÎ 4kÕ 86 Rb ˆm‡b¨i mgš^‡q ÔivgMo †jvKvj e¨v‡UwjqbÕ bv‡g GKwU evwnbx MVb K‡i| G evwnbxi A¯¿k‡¯¿i g‡a¨ wQj 6 cvDÛ †Mvjvi 4wU Kvgvb, AwbqwgZ `yÕwU Ak¦v‡ivnx `j Avi hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ wQj wKQy Dc‡hvMx hvbevnb| ivgM‡o †mBw`b MwVZ nIqv Awff³ fviZe‡l©i G evwnbx cieZx©‡Z Kv‡ji cwieZ©b, mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b K‡qK `dv weeZ©‡bi ci me©‡kl evsjv‡`k ivB‡dj&m bv‡g GKwU mymsMwVZ, my`ÿ, myk„•Lj I kw³kvjx evwnbx wnmv‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| ivgMo kn‡ii DcK‡É mxgvšÍeZx© †dbx b`x I AuvKv euvKv cvnvwo Lvj my‡K›`ªvB Qovi K‚j †Nu‡l GK g‡bvig cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i gv‡S ¯’vwcZ ivB‡djm& ¯§„wZ¯Í‡¤¢ †k¦Z cv_‡i †jLv G evwnbxi Rb¥ BwZK_v †_‡K Rvbv hvq| 1795 mv‡j MwVZ nq ÔivgMo †jvKvj e¨v‡UwjqbÕ| 1860 mvj †_‡K G bv‡gB Kg©ZrciZv cwiPvwjZ nq| 1861 mv‡j G evwnbx‡K cybM©wVZ K‡i ivgMo †jvKvj e¨v‡Uwjqb †_‡K bZzb bvgKiY nq Ôd«w›Uqvi MvW©mÕ| ˆmb¨ msL¨vI DbœxZ Kiv nq 14kÕ 54 Rb| PÆMÖv‡g m`i `ßi ¯’vcb K‡i G evwnbxi duvwo emv‡bv nq Kvgiæc, †Mvqvjcvov, j²xcyi, wm‡jU I wÎcyiv mxgv‡šÍ| H mg‡q G cve©Z¨ GjvKvq jymvB we‡`ªvn Pig AvKvi aviY Ki‡j ˆmb¨ msL¨v e„w× Kiv nq| 1871 mv‡j e¨vcK Awfhv‡bi gva¨‡g jymvB we‡`ªvn `gb Ki‡Z mÿg nq G evwnbx| 1879 mv‡j Ôd«w›Uqvi MvW©mÕ †_‡K evwnbxwUi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i ivLv nq Ô‡¯úkvj wiRvf© evwnbxÕ| 1891 mv‡j Ô‡e½j wgwjUvwi cywjk e¨v‡UwjqbÕ bv‡g bvgKiY K‡i PviwU †Kv¤úvbx‡Z fvM Kiv nq G evwnbx‡K| XvKv, `ygKv, fvMjcyi Ges M¨vsU‡K †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i BD‡ivcxq my‡e`vi‡`i Aax‡b b¨¯Í Kiv nq| Avi e¨eüZ A¯¿ wQj eªxP †jvWvi ivB‡dj| 1912 mv‡j †e½j wgwjUvwi cywjk e¨v‡Uwjqb †_‡K ÔXvKv wgwjUvwi cywjkÕ, 1920 mv‡j Ô‡e½j e¨v‡Uwjqb Ae B÷vb© d«w›Uqvi ivB‡dj&mÕ bv‡g cybtbvgKiY K‡i G evwnbx‡K 16wU cøvUz‡b wef³ K‡i cybM©Vb Kiv nq| Gme cøvUzb¸‡jv wb‡qvM Kiv nq mxgvšÍ I Af¨šÍixY wbivcËvi Kv‡R| 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefw³i ci G evwnbxi bvg †`qv nq ÔB÷vb© cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡dj&mÕ ev ÔBwcAviÕ| 1958 mv‡j cybM©wVZ K‡i mxgvšÍ iÿv QvovI †PvivPvjvb `g‡b `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq evwnbxwU‡K| A‡bK weeZ©b, cwieZ©b I cwiea©b Ges 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci 1972 mv‡j BwcAvi †_‡K G evwnbxi me©‡kl bvgKiY Kiv nq Ôevsjv‡`k ivB‡dj&mÕ ev ÔwewWAviÕ| ivgMo Rb¥¯’v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ †cj †hfv‡e ‡Mvovcˇbi wØkZ el©c~wZ©‡Z 1995 mv‡j Ômv_©K G Rb¥Õ bv‡g ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢ ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ivB‡dj&m Gi Rb¥¯’vb wnmv‡e me©cÖ_g ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i ivgMo| ZrKvjxb wewWAvi LvMovQwoi †m±i KgvÛvi K‡b©j †gv. Iqvjx Djøvn Ges ivgMo¯’ 16 e¨v‡Uwjq‡bi AwabvqK †j. K‡b©j †gv. †gvmv‡ÏK †nv‡mb-Gi D‡`¨v‡M ¯’vwcZ GB Ômv_©K G Rb¥Õ ¯§„wZ¯Í‡¤¢i cÖvPx‡ii †jLv †_‡K ivgMoevmx Z_v cve©Z¨v‡ji evwm›`viv `yÕk eQi ci Rvb‡Z cv‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki Mwe©Z evwnbx Ôevsjv‡`k ivB‡dj&mÕ-Gi †MŠi‡ev¾¡j Rb¥ BwZK_v| ivgM‡o ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y ivB‡dj&m ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢ Ômv_©K G Rb¥Õ †_‡K 2005 mv‡j wbwg©Z g‡bvig ¯§„wZ ¯§viK ÔivB‡dj&m ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢Õ ivgM‡o AvMZ ch©UK‡`i Kv‡Q LyeB AvKl©Yxq ¯’vb wnmv‡e cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| 2005 mv‡j ivgMo¯’ 33 e¨v‡Uwjq‡bi KgvwÛs Awdmvi †j. K‡b©j †gv. AvwZKzi ingv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M cÖvq 12 jÿ UvKv e¨‡q wbg©vY Kiv nq ivB‡dj&m ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢wU| ¯§„wZ¯Í‡¤¢i †e`x‡Z †k¦Zcv_‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q wewWAv‡ii mswÿß Rb¥ BwZK_v| †cvov gvwU w`‡q ˆZwi G evwnbxi weeZ©‡bi 8wU Aeqe ev †Uiv‡KvUv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q ¯§„wZ¯Í‡¤¢i †e`x‡Z| GQvov †bŠKvi cvj AvK…wZi wekvj g~j †e`xi mvg‡b i‡q‡Q mv‡o 3kÕ †KwR IR‡bi avZz‡Z wbwg©Z wewWAvi ˆmwb‡Ki ivB‡d‡ji cÖwZK…wZ| Gi GK cv‡k mxgvšÍ wcjv‡ii cÖZxK wnmv‡e ¯’vwcZ PviwU wcjv‡ii Mv‡q avZe Aÿ‡i G evwnbxi Rb¥ ¯’vb I mb †jLv i‡q‡Q| ivgMo †cŠi kn‡ii DcK‡Éi GB ch©Ub ¯§„wZ¯Í‡¤¢i AviI e¨vcK Dbœq‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb 11 e¨v‡Uwjq‡bi AwabvqK †j. K‡b©j kixd †gv. Aveyj ûmvB‡bi D‡`¨v‡M m¤úÖwZ avZe cvB‡ci †Niv †`qv jvBwUs Kiv n‡q‡Q cy‡iv ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢ Ry‡o| AwabvqK Rvbvb, LvMovQwo cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` †_‡KI ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢wU‡K Av‡iv †ewk `„wób›`b Ki‡Z D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡q‡Q| †gv. wbRvgDwÏb jvfjy, ivgMo †_‡K wewkó µxovwe` I µxov msMVK mv‡n` AvRMvi †PŠayix t †hgb nIqv DwPZ Avgvi kni PÆMÖv‡g bvbv mgm¨v Av‡Q| cvkvcvwk †h Gme mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³i c_ †bB, Zv wKš‘ bq| wKfv‡e G mgm¨v¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e Ges †Kgb nIqv DwPZ Avgv‡`i GB wcÖq PÆMÖvg gnvbMix- G wb‡q PÆMÖv‡gi e‡iY¨ e¨w³iv wK fve‡Qb? Zv‡`i fvebv wb‡q Avgv‡`i G Av‡qvRb ÔbvMwiK fvebvÕ| G msL¨vq wewkó µxovwe` I µxov msMVK mv‡n` AvRMvi †PŠayixi fvebv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv| mv‡n` AvRMvi †PŠayix-G GKwU bvg D”PvwiZ n‡jB †`‡ki †h †KD e‡j w`‡Z cv‡ib wZwb µxov½‡bi gvbyl| wewkó µxovwe` I µxov msMVK wZwb| RvZxq µxov cyi¯‹vi weRqx| Avwki `k‡K PÆMÖv‡g wµ‡KUvi ˆZwii Av‡qvRb ÷vi mvgvi wµ‡K‡Ui cÖe³v| wZb †gqv‡` mvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb PÆMÖvg †Rjv µxov ms¯’vi| PÆMÖv‡gi e¨emvqx †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ivRbxwZwe` mevB Zv‡K Ômv‡n` fvBÕ e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡i| K‡qK gvm Av‡M AbywôZ wm‡R‡KGm wbe©vP‡b †n‡i hvIqvi ciI my`k©b I AvKl©Yxq e¨w³‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y wZwb GLbI Av‡Mi g‡ZvB mgvb RbwcÖq I kª×vi cvÎ| 67 eQi eqmx mv‡n` AvRMvi †PŠayix eo n‡q‡Qb PÆMÖv‡gi Av‡jv nvIqvq| Zvi †e‡o IVvi GB kn‡ii AwgZ m¤¢vebvi K_v wZwb Zz‡j ai‡Qb ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki Kv‡Q| mvÿvZKvi wb‡q‡Qb -iwdKzj evnvi cÖkœ: PÆMÖvg A‡bK my›`i kni| GLb †hiKg †`L‡Qb †QvU †ejvqI wK GKB iKg wQj Gi †Pnviv? DËi: PÆMÖvg‡K my›`i I cwiKwíZfv‡e M‡o †Zvjv nqwb| giæf~wgi Dci c„w_exi †miv bMix `yevB M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| A_P PÆMÖv‡g Av‡Q cÖvK…wZK nª` dqÕm †jK, cÖK…wZi Aciƒc †mŠ›`‡h©i Auvavi cvnvo, b`x I mvMi| GiKg ˆewkó¨ †`‡LwQ Avwg Av‡gwiKvi wkKv‡Mv I †d¬vwiWv kn‡i| †mLv‡b mgy‡`ªi cv‡k c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q IqvKI‡q, mvBwK¬ó‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Avjv`v iv¯Ív| wkKv‡Mv Avi †d¬vwiWvi †Pnviv PÆMÖv‡g dzwU‡q †Zvjv hv‡e bv-GUv ev¯Íe mZ¨| wKš‘ †Póv K‡i †KD KL‡bv †`‡Lwb-GUvI‡Zv mZ¨| kn‡i GL‡bv wbZ¨ hvbRU| AcwiKwíZ bMivqb n‡”Q| me wgwj‡q GK nZvkvRbK wPÎ| cÖkœ: †Kb Ggb n‡”Q, Avcbvi wK aviYv? DËi: Avm‡j ¯^v_© wPšÍv †_‡K PÆMÖvg kn‡ii Aciƒc †mŠ›`h©‡K dzwU‡q †Zvjvi †Póv †KD KL‡bv K‡iwb| GLvbKvi weÁ I `ÿ †jvK‡`iI Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nqwb| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡j AvMvgx 20/25 eQi c‡i G kni emev‡mi A‡hvM¨ n‡q co‡e| Avi Avgiv Mixe †`k e‡j †hfv‡e Pj‡Q Zv‡ZB mš‘ó mevB| Avm‡j PÆMÖv‡gi cÖeÂbvi BwZnvm †m c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Avgj †_‡KB| ewÂZ n‡Z n‡Z Avgiv Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡owQ| Kv‡iviB †Kvb ev`-cÖwZev` †bB| cÖkœ: Avcbvi g‡Z wK n‡Z cv‡i GB my›`i kn‡i? DËi: kn‡ii gvSLv‡b wkíxi Qwei gZ AuvKv cÖ‡Z¨KwU wekvj cvnv‡oi P~ovq _v‡Kb e›`i †Pqvig¨vb, †Rjv cÖkvmK, cywjk mycvi I wWAvBwRÕi gZ miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv| GKRb gvÎ miKvwi kxl© ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©vi Rb¨ GZ eo RvqMv eivÏ _v‡K! A_P Gme cvnv‡oi P~ovq ch©Ub †K›`ª M‡o Zz‡j we‡`kx‡`i wewb‡qv‡M AvK…ó Kivi †Póv †Kb Kiv n‡”Q bv? GLbB G ai‡bi GKwU cvnv‡o AvevwmK †nv‡Uj I †i÷z‡i›U ˆZwi K‡i PÆMÖv‡gi m¤¢vebvi K_v wek¦evmx‡K Rvwb‡q †`qv DwPZ| Zvn‡j evwY‡R¨i †ÿ‡Î PÆMÖv‡gi †h AwgZ m¤¢vebv †mwU cÖKvk cv‡e Abvqv‡m| Wv³vi wK e‡jb ÔGgb A‡bK wK¬wbK Av‡Q †hLv‡b aviv‡jv KvwV w`‡q åæb bó K‡i †d‡jÕ ÐcÖ‡dmi Wv. ˆmq`v byiRvnvb fu~Bqv mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ, PÆMÖvg †gwW‡Kj K‡jR Ggb GKUv mgq wQj hLb e›`ibMix PÆMÖv‡g ¯¿x †ivM we‡klÁ ej‡Z ïaygvÎ Wv³vi ˆmq`v byiRvnvb fu~Bqv‡KB eySvZ| Pviw`K wQj Zvi bvg-WvK| ‡g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ me©Kwbô wnmv‡e wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWMÖx †bqvi ci PÆMÖvg †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri Aa¨‡ÿi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb `xN© mgq a‡i| GLb PÆMÖvg wmwU †gq‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ Dc‡`óvi cvkvcvwk gv I wkï nvmcvZvj K‡j‡Ri ¯¿x †ivM wefv‡Mi cÖavb wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Qb| mg‡qi cwieZ©b n‡jI cwiw¯’wZi ‡Zgb cwieZ©b nqwb| Av‡Mi g‡Zv mvaviY gv‡q‡`i Kv‡Q RbwcÖq i‡q‡Qb wZwb| gvZ… ¯^v¯’¨ wb‡q †mB byiRvnvb f~uBqvi AwfÁZvi Szwj †_‡K wKQz K_v cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Zz‡j ai‡Qb Avgv‡`i ÷vd wi‡cvU©vi -Kgj †`| cÖkœ : mgq †Zv A‡bK †cwi‡q G‡jb| Avcbvi cÖwZ mvaviY gv‡q‡`i GZ fv‡jvevmvi inm¨ wK? DËi : ¯¿x †iv‡Mi Dci jÛ‡b ‡jLvcov †kl K‡i Avwg †hvM †`B XvKv †gwW‡K‡j| Gici †`‡ki Ggb †Kv‡bv miKvwi nvmcvZvj †bB †hLv‡b Avwg `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kwiwb| GLb wmwU ‡gq‡ii Dc‡`óv wnmv‡e wewfbœ ¯^v¯’¨ cÖK‡í civgk©K n‡q KvR KiwQ| Avwg †hLv‡b `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kwi bv †Kb, †Póv Kwi mvaviY Mf©eZx gv‡qiv †hb wbivc‡` _v‡Kb| Zv‡`i Av‡ivM¨ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Avgvi †Póvi †Kv‡bv ÎæwU _v‡K bv| Avgvi Kv‡Q abx-Mix‡ei †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` †bB| me gvÕB Avgvi Kv‡Q mgvb| ZvB nq‡Zv Zviv Avgv‡K GZ fv‡jvev‡m| AvwgI Zv‡`i †mB fv‡jvevmv‡K Dc‡fvM Kwi| Avwg GKwU welq me mgq jÿ¨ ivwL-Avi Zv nj, hv AR©b K‡iwQ Zv †hb a‡i ivL‡Z cvwi| cÖkœ : eZ©gv‡b †Kvb ai‡Yi †ivM †ewk †`Lv hv‡”Q? DËi : †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ mšÍvb aviY ÿgZv nªvm I Rivqy mgm¨vB eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v wnmv‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| Avi Gme mgm¨v m„wó n‡q‡Q †g‡q‡`i wcwiqW msµvšÍ AÁZvi Kvi‡Y| †hgb †`Lv hvq, †Kv‡bv †g‡qi wcwiqW GKUz AwbqwgZ n‡jB †m f‡q Ggb wKQz wK¬wb‡K wPwKrmvi Rb¨ hv‡”Q hv‡`i G wel‡q †Zgb †Kv‡bv fv‡jv aviYv †bB| d‡j Zviv nvZz‡o wPwKrmv Pvjv‡Z wM‡q †g‡qwUi Rxe‡b me©bvk †X‡K Avb‡Q| Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z, Ggb A‡bK wK¬wbK Av‡Q hviv aviv‡jv KvwV w`‡q åæb bó K‡i wcwiqW wbqwgZKi‡Yi †Póv K‡i| Gi d‡j Rivqy wQ`ª n‡q wM‡q IB gwnjv wPiZ‡i mšÍvb aviY Kivi ÿgZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| Gmgq AwZwi³ i³ÿi‡YI A‡bK gwnjvi g„Zz¨ N‡U| GQvov M‡f©i ev”Pv bó Ki‡Z wM‡qI gv‡qiv bvbv ai‡Yi SuywKi g‡a¨ co‡Q| Mf©RvZ åæY bó ev †mdwUK G¨veikb Kiv‡Z wM‡q AwZwi³ i³ ÿi‡Y A‡bK gv gviv hvb| Avevi hviv †eu‡P hvb Zv‡`i mšÍvb aviY ÿgZv cy‡ivcwi bó n‡q hvq| KviY Gme wK¬wb‡K Gai‡Yi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ AZ¨vaywbK †Kv‡bv hš¿cvwZ †bB| cÖkœ : Gi Rb¨ `vqx Kviv? 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KvRx LjxKz¾vgvb Avng`-Gi cÖeÜ Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| WvP-evsjv e¨vs‡Ki Kg©kvjv WvP-evsjv e¨vsK gyiv`cyi kvLvq Ôwi‡UBj e¨vswKsÕ kxl©K GK Kg©kvjv m¤úÖwZ AbywôZ nq| G‡Z cÖavb AwZw_ wQ‡jb e¨vs‡Ki Dc-e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK Aveyj Kv‡kg †gv. wkwib| Kg©kvjvq Av‡iv e³e¨ iv‡Lb e¨vs‡Ki Kg©KZ©v G GBP Gg ûgvqyb †PŠayix, †gv. Kvgiæ¾vgvb, Gm GBP †gv³vi Avng` cÖgyL| msKj‡bi †jLv †P‡q‡Q Avwei evsjv beel©‡K mvg‡b †i‡L PÆMÖv‡gi Ab¨Zg m„Rbkxj cÖKvkbv ms¯’v Avwei cÖKvk‡bi avivevwnK cÖKvkbv †cÖ‡gi KweZv msKj‡bi ·qv`k ce© cÖKvwkZ n‡Z hv‡”Q| G‡Z †`‡ki mKj bexb cÖexY Kwe‡`i KweZv Qvcv‡bv n‡e| †jLv cvVv‡bvi †kl ZvwiL 20 gvP©| Avwei cÖKvkb, mvËvi g¨vbkb (wØZxq Zjv), †PivMx cvnvo, †gvwgb †ivW, PÆMÖvg G wVKvbvq †jLv cvVv‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv n‡q‡Q| PÆMÖvg †W¯‹
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