†deª“qvwi 01, 2008, ïµevi : gvN 18, 1414
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cÖ_g Gfv‡i÷ weRqx †ZbwRs I wnjvwi

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gvD›U Gfv‡i÷ c„w_exi D”PZg ce©ZP~ov| 1852 mv‡j GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨wU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib ivavbv_ wkK`vi| wZwb GKRb evOvwj| gvD›U Gfv‡i÷ c„w_exi m‡e©v”P ce©ZP~ov G K_v cÖgvwYZ nevi ci †_‡KB gvbyl G‡K Rq Kivi wbijm †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K| Av‡M gvbyl Gfv‡i÷‡K ej‡Zv Ô†`eZv‡`i kxl© Avevm, hv †Kvb gvbyl Rq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bvÕ| wPi Zzlvi Avi ivwk ivwk wngev‡ni g‡a¨ cÖvq wcivwgW AvKv‡ii GB P~ovwU mycÖvPxbKvj †_‡K `uvwo‡q i‡qwQj m`‡¤¢| wKš‘, cÖK…wZ‡K Rq Kiv gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖe„wË| gvby‡li GB B‡”Q A`g¨-Amxg, hv wPiw`‡bi wPiKvjxb|

1921 mv‡j Gfv‡i÷ R‡qi j‡ÿ¨ cÖ_g weªwUk AwfhvÎxi `‡j wQ‡jb RR© g¨vjwi| †m eQ‡ii †g gv‡mi †Kv‡bv GK we‡K‡ji gy‡LvgywL nb Bsj¨v‡Ûi R‰bK GB ¯‹zj wkÿK g¨vjwi| i‡³ wQj ce©Zv‡ivn‡Yi †bkv, Zv Qvov Zvi c”Q‡›`i welq wQj mvwnZ¨| Lye my›`i K‡i ¸wQ‡q Wv‡qwi wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb, Gfv‡i‡÷ e‡m ¯¿x iæ_Õ‡K †jLv Zvi wPwV¸‡jv †Kej mvwnZ¨ ¸‡YB Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i m¤ú` n‡q IVvi †hvM¨| †ZgbB GK wPwV‡Z g¨vjwi iæ_Õ‡K Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb Zvi cÖ_g Gfv‡i÷ †`Lvi †mB Avðh© AwfÁZvi K_v| †g‡Ni Avovj †_‡K Gfv‡i‡÷i DuwK †`qvi †mB `„k¨ Zvi Kv‡Q wQj cÖvq Ômªóv‡K Dcjwäi g‡ZvÕ| cÖ_g G AwfhvbwU cwiPvwjZ nq 1921 mv‡ji †g-†m‡Þ¤^‡i| Pvj©m nvIqv‡W©i †bZ…‡Z¡ GK`j weªwUk AwfhvÎx 22405 dzU †cuŠ‡Q wkwei ¯’vcb K‡ib| †mLvb †_‡K Zviv wngvjq P~ovq Av‡ivn‡bi GKUv c_ Lyu‡R †ei K‡ib Ges cieZx© Awfhv‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z _v‡Kb|

1922 mv‡ji GwcÖj †_‡K Gfv‡i‡÷ wØZxq Awfhvb cwiPvwjZ nq| weªwUk Awfhvb cwiPvwjZ G `‡j g¨vjwiI wQ‡jb| `jwUi m`m¨iv 27,300 dzU ch©šÍ D‡VwQ‡jb| 1924 mv‡ji GwcÖj ‡_‡K Ryb gvm ch©šÍ Z…Zxq weªwUk Awfhvb cwiPvwjZ nq| 8 Ryb AwfRv‡bi mgq AwehvÎx RR© g¨vjwi (38) Ges GÛª AvifvBb (22) wngvjq k„‡½i KvQvKvwQ wM‡q nvwi‡q hvb| Zviv P~ovq †cuŠ‡Q wQ‡jb Kx bv, Zv GL‡bv inm¨B n‡q Av‡Q| 1999 mv‡j 27 nvRvi dzU D”PZvq ei‡`i g‡a¨ g¨vjwii jvk cvIqv hvq|

1952 mv‡j myBm †igÛ j¨v¤^vU© Ges L¨vZbvgv †kicv †ZbwRs †bvi‡M mvD_ mvwgU w`‡q Gfv‡i÷ P~‡ovq †cuŠ‡Q wM‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ AvenvIqv AbyK‚‡j bv _vKvq wd‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ nb| Gfv‡e Gfv‡i÷ R‡qi G‡K G‡K `kwU †Póv e¨_© nevi ci 1953 mv‡ji 29 †g mvdj¨ G‡m aiv †`q| Hw`b weª‡Ub cwiPvwjZ Awfhvb `jwUi g‡a¨ †_‡K †kicv †ZbwRs †bvi‡M Ges m¨vi GWgÛ wnjvwi †hŠ_fv‡e c„w_exi m‡e©v”P P~ov Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡ib|

weª‡Ub Gfv‡i÷ weR‡qi G AwfhvbwU ïiæ K‡i gvP© gv‡m| G `‡j wQ‡jb GWgÛ wnjvwi, †ZbwRs †bvi‡M, RR© e¨vÛ, gvB‡Kj IqvW©, I‡q÷ g¨vKU, RR© †jv‡q, Ug eyw`©j, Pvj©m& Bfvb&m, Avj‡d«W †MÖMwi, Pvj©m& IqvBwj, DBjd«vBW bvBm †kicv Avbœyjy I wMÖwd_| AwfhvÎx G `‡ji †bZv wQ‡jb K‡b©j Rb nv›U| 13 GwcÖj Zviv Ly¤^y AvBmd‡j †cuŠQvb| dvUj aiv ei‡di GB †MvjKauvavq Zviv 17 GwcÖj ch©šÍ wQ‡jb| GLv‡bB ¯’vwcZ nq Zv‡`i wØZxq K¨v¤ú| Gici 18 GwcÖj Zviv 21 nvRvi dzU Dc‡i I‡q÷vb© Kzg-G D‡V Z…Zxq K¨v¤ú ¯’vcb K‡b| GLv‡b cÖvq †`o Ub im`cÎ e‡q Avbv nq| GLv‡b AvPgKv GK `yN©Ubvi nvZ †_‡K A‡íi R‡b¨ iÿv cvb GWgÛ wnjvwi| wZwb eid ¯Í~‡ci dvU‡j c‡o hvb| G‡Z Zvi ei‡di AZj MnŸ‡i P‡j hvIqvi Avk¼v †`Lv †`q| †ZgwRs Zv‡K D×vi K‡i g„Zz¨i nvZ †_‡K wdwi‡q Av‡bb|

21 I 22 †g `jwUi `yB m`m¨ DBjd«vBW bvBm I †kicv Avbœyjy 25,900 dzU DuPy‡Z mvD_ †Kv‡j †cuŠQvb| wnjvwi G mgq †ZbwRs‡K wb‡q GLvb †_‡K cÖvq GK gvBj j¤^fv‡e wb‡P Pvi b¤^i K¨v¤ú †b‡g G‡m mvD_ †Kv‡j Dcw¯’Z nb| 26 †g `j‡bZv nv›U †kicv‡K wb‡q k„‡½i w`‡K Av‡iv wKQyUv GwM‡q hvb| Iw`‡K we‡K‡j eyw`©jb I Bfvbm Gfv‡i‡÷i 300 dz‡Ui g‡a¨ †cuŠQvb| wec¾bK Ly¤^y AvBmd‡ji iæU †Lvjv ivLvi `ytmva¨ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib I‡q÷ g¨vKU| AvBmdj cvi n‡q I‡q÷vb© Kzg, †R‡bfv ¯úvi, †jvr‡m †dm †cwi‡q mvD_ †Kv‡j m‡e©v”P wkwei ¯’vwcZ nq| 28 †g †kl iv‡Z iIbv n‡q 29 †g `ycy‡i Gfv‡i‡÷i kx‡l© †cuŠQ‡Z mÿg nb †bcv‡ji †ZbwRs †bvi‡M I wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi GWgÛ wnjvwi| `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †ZbwRs Av‡M Gfv‡i÷ k„‡½ I‡Vb|

cÖ_g Gfv‡i÷ weRqx `yB AwfhvÎx

†ZbwRst cy‡iv bvg †ZbwRs †bvi‡M| Gfv‡i÷ weRqx cÖ_g AwfhvÎx| 1914 mv‡j wZwb †bcv‡ji mvPy MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ˆK‡kv‡i cvnvwo GjvKvq BqvK Piv‡Zb| c‡i †ckv wn‡m‡e ce©Zv‡ivnx‡`i gvjcÎ en‡bi KvR †e‡Q †bb| 1935 †_‡K 1952 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cwiPvwjZ wewfbœ Awfhv‡b †bvi‡M wQ‡jb weªwUk, †d«Â Ges myBm `‡ji m`m¨| 1950 mv‡j Kviv‡Kvivg Awfhvb, 1951 mv‡j b›`v‡`ex k„½ Awfhv‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib| 1953 mv‡ji 29 †g †ZbwRs, m¨vi GWgÛ wnjvwii mv‡_ †hŠ_fv‡e c„w_exi m‡e©v”P k„½ gvD›U Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡ib| 1986 mv‡j 72 eQi e‡q‡m wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|

wnjvwit cy‡iv bvg GWgÛ wnjvix| Gfv‡i÷ weRqx cÖ_g AwfhvÎx| 1953 mv‡ji 29 †g wnjvwi I †ZbwRs †hŠ_fv‡e Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡i we‡k¦ L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| 1919 mv‡j wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi AKj¨v‡Û Zvi evevi †gŠgvwQ Lvgv‡i wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wnjvwi 1935 mv‡j 9 nvRvi dzU D”PZvwewkó gvD›U ivI †c‡nv‡Z w¯‹ †Ljvq Ask †bb| c‡i 12 nvRvi dzU DuPy KzK ce©‡Z Av‡ivnY K‡ib| wØZxq wek¦hy× ïiæ n‡j weªwUk wegvbevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`b| 1950 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Û P‡j hvb| c‡i wZwb Avjcm& ce©‡Zi 12 nvRvi dzU DuPy‡Z Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z mÿg nb| 1951 mv‡j GK`j weªwUk ce©Zv‡ivnx Gfv‡i÷ weR‡q Av‡g, Zv‡Z wnjvwiI wQ‡jb| Gfv‡i÷ R‡qi ci H GjvKvi KvQvKvwQ emevmiZ `wi`ª †bcvwj RbM‡Yi Kj¨vYB n‡q `uvovq Zvi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg eªZ| GLv‡b wZwb wngvjvqvb Uªv÷ MVb K‡i ¯‹zj, nvmcvZvjmn eû †mevg~jK cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| 1975 mv‡j Uªv‡÷i KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖ_g ¯¿x jyB I Kb¨v †ewjÛv †bcv‡j wegvb `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq| 1984 mv‡j wnjvwi fviZ I †bcv‡j wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi ivóª`~Z wbhy³ nb| Zvi eo †Q‡j wcUvi 2002 mv‡j Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡i‡Qb| MZ 11 Rvbyqvwi 2008 GWgÛ wnjvwi g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| c„w_exi cÖ_g Gfv‡i÷ weRqx wn‡m‡e †ZbwRs †bvi‡M Ges GWgÛ wnjvwi wPi Agi n‡q _vK‡eb|







Gfv‡i÷-Gi Rvbv-ARvbv Z_¨

ivavbv‡_i Avwe®‹vi (1852) : Gfv‡i÷B c„w_exi m‡e©v”P k„½-A¼ K‡l Rvwb‡q w`‡jb evOvwj MwYZÁ ivavbv_ wkK`vi|

weKR BU BR †`qvi (1924) : 8 Ryb mKv‡j weªwUk ceZ©v‡ivnx RR© g¨v‡jvwi I m¨vwÛ Aviwfb Gfv‡i‡÷i DËi cvk w`‡q ce©Z P~ovq IVv ïiæ K‡ib| Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb Zviv| evievi †Kb wZwbgvD›U Gfv‡i÷ Awfhv‡b †h‡Z Pvb? GK mvsevw`‡Ki G cÖ‡kœi Dˇi Ic‡ii Dw³wU K‡iwQ‡jb g¨v‡jvwi|

c_ cwieZ©b (1950) : Pxb wZeŸZ `Lj Kivi ci DËi cvk †_‡K Gfv‡i‡÷ IVvi c_ cwðgv‡`i Rb¨ iæ× n‡q hvq| GLb wZeŸZ I †bcvj `yB w`K †_‡KB Gfv‡i÷ Awfhvb P‡j| Z‡e evwYwR¨K Awfhvb¸‡jv †bcvj †_‡KB †ewk cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|

Gfv‡i÷ Rq (1953) : 29 †g wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi GWgÛ wnjvwi I †bcv‡ji †ZbwRs †bvi‡½ Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡ib| mvD_ †Kvj w`‡q ceZ© P~ovq I‡Vb Zviv| GUvB GLb Gfv‡i‡÷ IVvi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq c_|

Gfv‡i‡÷ cÖ_g bvix (1975) : 16 †g cÖ_g bvix wnmv‡e Gfv‡i‡÷i P~ovq I‡Vb Rvcv‡bi Ryb‡Kv Zv‡eB|

Aw·‡Rb Qvov Gfv‡i÷ Rq (1978) : 8 †g evowZ Aw·‡Rb QvovB P~ovq I‡Vb BZvwji †iBb‡nvì †gmbvi I Aw÷ªqvi wcUvi nv‡ejvi|

m½xwenxb hvÎv (1980) : 20 AvM÷ Aw·‡Rb Qvov Avevi P~ovq I‡Vb †gmbvi, Z‡e Gevi GKv| GUvB cÖ_g GKv Gfv‡i÷ Rq|

ce©Zv‡ivnx DavI (1982) : weªwUk ce©Zv‡ivnx wcUvi †evW©g¨vb I †Rv UvmKvi DËi-c~e©cÖvšÍ w`‡q P~ovq IVvi mgq nvwi‡q hvb|

Kvsmys Rq (1983) : jy ivBLvW© I Zuvi mn-AwfhvÎxiv `yM©g Kvsmys (c~e©) cvk w`‡q cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv P~ovq I‡Vb|

KiæY g„Zz¨ (1996) : Gfv‡i÷ Awfhv‡bi mgq GK S‡o AvURb ce©Zv‡ivnx cÖvY nvivb| c‡i wewfbœ Awfhv‡b gviv hvb AviI mvZRb| GeQiB Gfv‡i‡÷ Awfhvb Pvjv‡Z wM‡q me‡P‡q †ewk †jvK gviv hvq|

cÖwZeÜx weRqx (1998) : 27 †g K…wÎg cv wb‡q Gfv‡i÷ Rq Ki‡jb Ug ûB‡UKvi|

g¨v‡jvwii †`nve‡kl (1999) : gvwK©b M‡elYv Awfhvb `‡ji m`m¨ KbivW A¨vbKvi 26 nvRvi 700 dzU DuPy‡Z RR© g¨v‡jvwii †`nve‡kl Luy‡R cvb|

AÜ weRqx (2001) : 24 †g Gfv‡i÷ Rq Ki‡jb gvwK©b `„wócÖwZeÜx GwiK I‡qB‡nbgvi|

cÖexY weRqx (2003) : 22 †g 70 eQi eq‡m Gfv‡i÷ Rq Ki‡jb Rvcv‡bi BDBwP‡iv wgDiv| ZLb ch©šÍ wZwbB me‡P‡q cÖexY weRqx|

mycvi †kicv (2003) : 23 †g †bcv‡ji †kicv †cgev `wR© gvÎ †cŠ‡b 13 N›Uvq †em K¨v¤ú †_‡K P~ovq I‡Vb| `ªæZ P~ovq IVvi GwU GKwU †iKW©|

P~ovq IVvi †bkv (2003) : 26 †g Avcv †kicv me‡P‡q †ewkevi Gfv‡i‡÷ IVvi wb‡Ri †iKW© fv‡Ob| G ch©šÍ 13 evi Gfv‡i÷ P~ovq D‡V‡Qb wZwb|
 


 
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