K‡jvwmqvg
wi`Iqvb Avµvg
K_v cÖvq `yB nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi| GK mvgwiK Awfhv‡bi ga¨w`‡q Bûw`‡`i Rywoqv kni `Lj K‡i †bq †ivg| weRq‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z †iv‡g GKUv A¨vw¤úw_‡qUvi (MYwe‡bv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆZwi Qv`wenxb e„ËvKvi ¯’vcbv, hvi gvSLvbUv duvKv) evbv‡bvi wm×všÍ wb‡jb †ivgvb mgªvU †fmcvwmqvb| †RiæRv‡jg gw›`i jyU K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©I †RvMvo Kiv nj| Gevi RvqMv wbe©vPb| RvqMv wn‡m‡e wVK Kiv n‡jv wmwjgvb, GmKzBjvBb Ges c¨vjv÷vBb bv‡gi wZbwU cvnvo w`‡q †Niv GK wbPy DcZ¨Kvi mgZjf‚wg‡K| Gi ga¨ w`‡q GK Rjavivi cÖevn wQ‡jv| 2 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã GB GjvKv `viæY RbemwZ wQj| †Zv cÖkœ RvM‡Z cv‡i Kxfv‡e GB wekvj GjvKv Rbk~b¨ n‡jv? Gi DËi i‡q‡Q 64 wLª÷v‡ãi †iv‡gi weL¨vZ cÖjqsKix `vevbj| GB `vevb‡ji Kvi‡Y cy‡iv †iv‡gi m‡½ m‡½ GB GjvKvI fxlYfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| aŸs‡mi gvÎv G‡ZvUvB wQj †h, †mB GjvKvi †jvKRb eva¨ nq Ab¨Î P‡j hvevi| ZLbKvi †ivgvb mgªvU wQ‡jb wb‡iv| wb‡iv Zvi Lvg‡Lqvwjcbvi Rb¨ wQ‡jb weL¨vZ| wZwb Ki‡jb Kx wb‡Ri we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ GjvKvwU `Lj K‡i wb‡jb| wVK Ki‡jb GLv‡b GKvšÍB wb‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU A¨vw¤úw_‡qUvi evbv‡eb| mgªv‡Ui B‡”Q e‡j K_v| AMZ¨v ˆZwi n‡jv wb‡ivi A¨vw¤úw_‡qUvi| GB A¨vw¤úw_‡qUv‡ii we‡klZ¡ n‡”Q Gi mvg‡b ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv K…wÎg GK n«‡`i| GB n«‡`i R‡ji e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj ¯’vbxq Rjaviv †_‡K| n«`wUi Pviw`‡K wQ‡jv emevi M¨vjvwi, evMvb| GB A¨vw¤úw_‡qUv‡ii cÖ‡ekc‡_ wQj wb‡ivi wekvj GK †eªv‡Äi g~wZ©| 38 wgUvi D”PZvi g~wZ©wU wQ‡jv †ivgvb †`eZv A¨v‡cv‡jvi Abyiƒc| wb‡iv †P‡qwQ‡jb Zvi wekvjvKvi g~wZ©wU †`‡L †ivgevmx‡`i g‡b cÖvPxb hy‡Mi mßvð‡h©i GKwU †ivW‡mi †mB g~wZ©i K_v g‡b †nvK| wekvjvK…wZi g~wZ©‡K †ivgvb fvlvq ejv nq Ô†Kv‡jvm‡mvÕ ev ˆ`Z¨vK…wZi g~wZ©| aviYv Kiv nq wb‡Ri Ô†Kv‡jvm‡mvÕ g~wZ© †_‡KB mgªvU †fmcvwmqv‡ii A¨vw¤úw_‡qUv‡ii bvgKiY Kwjwmqvg n‡q‡Q| Kwjwmqv‡gi wbg©vY KvR ïiæ nq 70-72 wLª÷vã bvMv`| Z‡e KvRUv †kl K‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb †fmcvwmqvb| 78 wLª÷v‡ei w`‡K Kwjwmqv‡gi Z…Zxq Zjvi KvR †kl n‡Z n‡ZB gviv hvb †fmcvwmqvb| GB Amgvß KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib ZviB cyÎ UvBUvm| Kwjwmqv‡gi GK`g Dc‡ii As‡ki KvR †kl K‡i UvBUvm 80 wLª÷v‡ã wekvj GK Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g D‡Øvab K‡ib †iv‡gi weL¨vZ Kwjwmqvg| D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡bB nZ¨v Kiv nq 9000 cï|
mgªvU †fmcvwmqvb Kwjwmqvg ˆZwii mgqB wb‡ivi A¨vw¤úw_‡qUv‡ii wewfbœ cwieZ©b K‡i Kwjwmqv‡gi wbg©vY KvR ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| cieZx©‡Z Zvi †QvU †Q‡j WwgwUqvb Kwjwmqvg‡K bZzb K‡i bKkv K‡ib| wZwb nvB‡cvwRqvg ˆZwi K‡ib| nvB‡cvwRqvg g~jZ f‚Mf©¯’ K‡qKwU wmwiR Uv‡bj †h¸‡jv wKbv cï Ges µxZ`vm‡`i Avevm¯’j wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| AvMZ `k©K‡`i msL¨v e„w× cvIqvq wZwb Kwjwmqv‡gi Ici Zjvq Av‡iKwU M¨vjvwi hy³ K‡ib| GwU cy‡ivcywi Kv‡Vi wQj| eZ©gv‡b GB M¨vjvwii †Kvb Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| 217 wLª÷v‡ã GK AwMœKv‡Ê Kwjwmqv‡gi Dc‡ii Kv‡Vi As‡ki e¨vcK ÿwZ nq| 250 A_ev 252 wLª÷v‡ã Ges 320 wLª÷v‡ã †mB ÿwZMÖ¯Í Ask mvivB Kiv nq| 443 wLª÷v‡ãi GK f‚wgK‡¤ú Kwjwmqvg AveviI ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| 484 Ges 508 wLª÷v‡ã †m me ÿwZMÖ¯Í Ask †givgZ Kiv nq| Gevi Avmv hvK Kwjwmqv‡gi AvqZ‡bi †ÿ‡Î| Kwjwmqvg n‡”Q G ch©šÍ h‡Zv A¨vw¤úw_‡qUvi ˆZwi n‡q‡Q †ivgvb‡`i Øviv †m m‡ei g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo| ZLb GwUi D”PZv wQj 157 dzU, ˆ`N©¨ 615 dzU, cÖk¯Í 155 dzU| AZx‡Zi ˆZwi A¨vw¤úw_‡qUvi †_‡K GK`g wfbœ wQj GwU| Av‡Mi A¨vw¤úw_‡qUvi¸‡jv mvaviYZ †Kvb cvnvo ev cÖvK…wZK †Kvb wfwˇK †K›`ª K‡i M‡o DV‡Zv| wKš‘ Kwjwmqvg GK`g mgZjf‚wg‡Z ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi †`qv‡ji AvqZb 1788 dzU| G †`‡ki GK jvL NbwgUvi cv_i ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ 300 Ub †jvnvi eÜbx Øviv AvovAvwofv‡e mshy³| GB †`qv‡ji eo AskwU aŸsm n‡q wM‡q‡Q f‚wgK‡¤úi d‡j| Z‡e DËiw`‡Ki †`qvj Av‡Rv wU‡K Av‡Q| Kwjwmqv‡gi †`qv‡ji gv‡S wQ‡jv Rvbvjv m`„k¨ †Lvc G¸‡jv w`‡q †fZ‡ii Av‡jv evZvm cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zv|
†iv‡gi GK`g †K›`ª¯’‡j wQj GB Kwjwmqvg| Pviw`‡K Qq GK‡ii wekvj RvqMv| AwP‡iB Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKvq we‡kl K‡i wb‡ivi A¨vw¤úw_‡qUv‡ii As‡k ˆZwi Kiv nq Mø¨vwW‡qUi cÖwkÿY †K›`ª Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’vcbv|
ejv n‡q _v‡K, GB Kwjwmqv‡g GKm‡½ 87 nvRvi `k©K Avmb MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| AvaywbK bvbv M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, G‡Z GKm‡½ em‡Z cvi‡Zv Aa©jÿ `k©K| G‡Zv `k©K‡`i `ªæZ cÖ‡ek I wbM©gb wbðq GK wekvj mgm¨vi welq wQj| GUv wb‡q Kwjwmqvg ¯’cwZivI wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb| mgm¨v †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Rb¨ Kwjwmqv‡gi Pviw`‡K wQj 80wU `iRv| †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 76wU `iRv wQj mvaviY `k©K‡`i Rb¨ Ges evwK GKwU wQj †ivgvb mgªv‡Ui Rb¨ (GwU DËi w`‡Ki cÖavb cÖ‡ekc_) I wZbwU `iRv †ivgvb D”P‡kªYxi Rb¨| GB wZbwU `iRv wQj Kwjwmqv‡gi `wÿY, c~e©, cwð‡g| cÖ‡Z¨KwU `iRvi m‡½ Avjv`v Avjv`v wmuwo wQj| GB wmuwo a‡i `k©Kiv Zv‡`i KvwOÿZ M¨vjvwi‡Z †cuŠ‡Q †h‡Zv| Kwjwmqv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡j `k©K‡`i wU‡KU msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡Zv| gvwUi wU‡K‡U D‡jøL _vK‡Zv `k©K‡`i †Kvb M¨vjvwii †Kvb mvwi‡Z em‡Z n‡e|
Kwjwmqv‡gi M¨vjvwi¸‡jvi wefvRb †m mgqKvi †ivgvb mgv‡Ri †kªYxwef³‡K Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i| Kwjwmqv‡gi DËi Ges `wÿY cÖv‡šÍ wQj mgªvU Ges ivRKxq cwiev‡ii bvix‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl e· †m¸‡jv‡K Avgiv AvaywbK †÷wWqv‡gi nmwcUvj e‡·i m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi| GB RvqMv¸‡jv †_‡K mgªvU Ges Zvi m½xiv fv‡jvfv‡e Abyôvb Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| GKB mgZ‡j wekvjvK…wZi cø¨vUdig wQj wm‡bUi †kªYx‡`i Rb¨| wm‡bUiiv B‡”Q Ki‡j wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ †Pqvi ev Avmb wb‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡Zb Kwjwmqv‡g| Gme Avm‡b Avevi wm‡bUi‡`i bvg †Lv`vB Kiv _vK‡Zv| Ges Avmb¸‡jv †ewkifvMB n‡Zv cv_‡ii| wm‡bUi‡`i Dc‡ii M¨vjvwi‡K ejv n‡Zv Òwgwbqvbvg wcÖgvgÓ| GwU‡Z emevi AwaKvi wQj †iv‡gi e‡b`x cwievi ev bvBU‡`i| Zv‡`i Dc‡ii M¨vjvwii bvg Òwgwbqvbvg wmKvbWvgÓ| †iv‡gi bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó wQj GwU| GUv Avevi `yB fv‡M wef³ wQj| GB M¨vjvwii wbPy Ask (Bgbvg : GLvb †_‡K Abyôvb A‡cÿvK…Z fv‡jvfv‡e Dc‡fvM Kiv †hZ) wQj awbK †kªYxi Rb¨| Ges D”P AskwU (mvggvg) Mwie †kªYxi Rb¨| GQvovI mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ †kªYx †hgb Qv·`i m‡½ Zv‡`i wkÿK, QywU KvUv‡Z Avmv ˆmb¨, we‡`wk ivóª`~Z, c~Rvix‡`i Rb¨ wQj Avjv`v Avjv`v M¨vjvwi| GB M¨vjvwii Rb¨ `k©Kiv PvB‡j Kzkb ev Mw` wb‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡Zv| GK`g Dc‡i Kwjwmqv‡g †h Kv‡Vi M¨vjvwiwU wQj †mwU‡Z mgv‡Ri GK`g Mwie bvMwiK; µxZ`vm Ges gwnjviv em‡Z cvi‡Zv| GB M¨vjvwiwU‡Z emevi e¨e¯’v wQj A_ev `k©K‡`i `uvwo‡q _vK‡Z n‡Zv cy‡iv Abyôvb Ry‡o|
†iv` I e„wó †_‡K Kwjwmqvg AvMZ `k©K‡`i iÿv Kievi Rb¨ Gi Dc‡i _vK‡Zv wÎc‡ji Pv`i| GwU w`‡q Kwjwmqv‡gi `yB-Z…Zxqvsk †X‡K †`qv n‡Zv| †fjvwiqvg bv‡gi GB Pv`iwU‡K `woi mvnv‡h¨ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Zv GK`j bvweK|
Kwjwmqvg g~jZ Mø¨vwW‡qUi‡`i giYcY jovB AbywôZ n‡q _vK‡Zv| GQvovI Av‡iv n‡Zv eb¨ cï‡`i jovB, cï wkKvi, g„Zz¨`Ê, AZx‡Zi weL¨vZ †Kvb jovB‡qi Awfbq, K…wÎg †bŠhy×, agx©q Abyôvb, bvUK, mvgwiK weRq D`hvcb cÖf…wZ| Kwjwmqv‡gi cï‡`i msMÖn Kiv n‡Zv g~jZ Avwd«Kv †_‡K| cÖ`k©bxi cï‡`i g‡a¨ _vK‡Zv MÛvi, Rjn¯Íx, nvwZ, wRivd, wmsn, wPZvevN, Kzwgi Ges DUcvwL cÖf…wZ| jovB¸‡jv n‡Zv b„ksm Ges AvgiY| g„Zz¨B GKgvÎ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi mgvwß NUv‡Z cvi‡Zv| jovB nevi mgq †cQ‡b _vK‡Zv ¯’vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ MvQ Ges `vjvb‡KvVv| Av‡MB †hgbUv ejv n‡q‡Q, Kwjwmqvg †fZ‡ii gq`v‡bi wb‡Pi As‡k wQj f‚Mf©¯’ Ni| jovB ïiæi Av‡M GLv‡b Mø¨vwW‡qUi Ges wnsmª cï‡`i G‡b ivLv n‡Zv| gq`v‡bi †g‡S wQj cy‡ivcywi Kv‡Vi (hw`I eZ©gv‡b G †g‡S cy‡ivcywi aŸsmcÖvß wb‡P †_‡K)| gv‡S gv‡S G †g‡S mwi‡q Mø¨vwW‡qUi I cï‡`i gq`v‡b DwV‡q †`qv n‡Zv| Mø¨vwW‡qUiiv wewfbœ ai‡bi A¯¿m‡¯¿ mw¾Z n‡q ci¯úi I cï‡`i weiæ‡× jovB‡q AeZxY© n‡Zv| jovB‡q †RZvi gva¨‡g civaxb Mø¨vwW‡qUi wb‡Ri ¯^vaxbZv wK‡b wb‡Z cvi‡Zv| jovB‡q civwRZ I AvnZ Mø¨vwW‡qUi‡`i Rxeb wbf©i Ki‡Zv `k©K‡`i Ici| Zviv PvB‡j e„×v½yj DuPy K‡i Rxeb wfÿv w`‡Z Ges wbPy K‡i g„Zz¨ Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| Kwjwmqv‡gi jovB Pj‡Zv m~h© D`q †_‡K A¯¿ ch©šÍ| KL‡bv KL‡bv Mfxi ivZ ch©šÍ gkv‡ji Av‡jv R¡vwj‡q Mø¨vwW‡qUi‡`i jovB Pj‡Zv| mgªvU †Uª‡Rb Zvi Wvwmiv weRq Drme Dcj‡ÿ 123 w`‡bi GK Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb Kwjwmqv‡g| hv‡Z Ask wb‡qwQj 11000 cï Ges 10,000 Mø¨vwW‡qUi †hv×v| cÖvq cuvPkÕ eQi a‡i Kwjwmqvg e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| lô kZvãx ch©šÍ Kwjwmqvg e¨eüZ n‡jI †ivg mvgªv‡R¨i cZb nq 476 wLª÷v‡ã| Z‡e Mø¨vwW‡qUi‡`i jovB eÜ n‡q hvq 435 wLª÷v‡ãB Avi cï wkKvi P‡j 523 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ| Gici †_‡K Kwjwmqvg‡K wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ †kªYxi wewfbœ e¨env‡i cwiYZ nq| lô kZvãxi †k‡li w`‡K Gi †fZ‡i ˆZwi Kiv nq †QvU GK wLª÷vb PvP©| Pv‡P©i cvkvcvwk gq`vb GjvKvq Kiv nq Kei¯’vb| M¨vjvwii wb‡Pi duvKv Ask¸‡jv‡Z M‡o D‡V evwoNi Ges KviLvbv| 12kÕ kZvãxi †klw`K ch©šÍ Gfv‡eB PjwQj| Gici BUvwji d«¨vsKwR‡cwb cwievi Kwjwmqvg‡K `Lj K‡i wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ cÖvmv` `y‡M© cwiYZ K‡i| 1349 wLª÷v‡ãi weL¨vZ f‚wgK‡¤úi d‡j Gi evB‡ii w`‡Ki `wÿY †`qvj a‡m c‡i| aŸsmcÖvß †`qv‡ji cv_i w`‡q BUvwji wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ˆZwi Kiv nq cÖvmv`, cÖv_©bvjq, nvmcvZvj Ges Ab¨vb¨ `vjvb‡KvVv| PZz`©k kZvãxi gvSvgvwS mg‡q GK agx©q Av‡`‡k Kwjwmqv‡gi †fZi RbemwZ M‡o I‡V| †cvc wm·Uvm (1585-1590 wLª÷vã) †Zv †P‡qwQ‡jb GLv‡b GKUv Dj d¨v±wi Kivi| Z‡e Zvi g„Zz¨i Rb¨ Zv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e Dwbk kZK ch©šÍ GLv‡b RbemwZ wQj| 1807, 1827, 1831, 1846, 1874 Ges 1930-Gi `k‡Ki cy‡ivUv Ry‡oB Kwjwmqv‡g ms¯‹vi KvR P‡j‡Q| Z‡e 1993 †_‡K 2000 mv‡j e¨vcKfv‡e ms¯‹vi Kiv nq| G mgq LiP Kiv nq 19.3 wgwjqb Wjvi| eZ©gv‡b GwU †ivg ev BUvwji cÖZx‡K cwiYZ n‡q‡Q; `k©bxq G ¯’vcbvwU †`L‡Z cÖwZ eQi GLv‡b Av‡m 10 jv‡Li AwaK ch©UK| 0
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