The Daily Ittefaq - October 9, 2007

A‡±vei 09, 2007, g½jevi : Avwk¦b 24, 1414

Avc‡WU evsjv‡`k mgq ivZ 12:00

W. Aveyj eviKvZ

†gŠjev` Avm‡j Kx

Ò‡gŠjev`Ó msÁvwqZ Kiv †mvRv bq| G wb‡q weZK© Av‡Q| weÁvb ‡PZbv I Amv¤úÖ`vwqK ms¯‹…wZi weiæ‡× ag©wfwËK cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e Ô‡gŠjev`Õ ej‡Z mywbw`©ófv‡e K‡qKwU welq †evSv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ag©-wbwe©‡k‡l weÁvb †PZbv I Amv¤úÖ`vwqK gvbm KvVv‡gvi weiæ‡× ag©wfw³K mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi †ek wKQy mvaviY ˆewkó jÿ¨Yxq| G wbwi‡L agx©q †gŠjev` n‡”Q hy×s‡`nx GK ag©cÖxwZ| GUv GgbB GK wek¦vm hv cÖwZwbqZ Av`wk©K msN‡l©i Rb¨ ˆZix _vKvi †cÖiYv †hvMvq| eo a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ Gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ my¯úó| Lªxó ag©, Bmjvg, Bûw` Z_v wn›`y, †eŠ× GgbwK Kbdzwmqvm gZev‡`i Abymvix‡`i K_v G‡ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Lªxó a‡g©i †ÿ‡Î gZv`‡k©i cÖfve hZUv cÖej Bmjvg ev Bûw`i †ejvq ZZUv †Rviv‡jv bq| me a‡g©i †gŠjev`xiv wbw`©ó GK Q‡Ki Abymvix| Zviv Ava¨vwZ¥Kfv‡e msMÖv‡gi †PZbvq m`v cÖ¯ÍyZ| ZvB ag© wbi‡cÿ a¨vb avibvq wek¦vmx‡`i mv‡_ †gŠjev‡`i Ø›Ø wPišÍb| †gŠjev`xiv Zv‡`i Av`k©MZ GB msMÖvg-msNl©‡K cÖPwjZ A‡_©i ivR‰bwZK msMÖvg wn‡m‡e g~j¨vqb K‡i bv| eis Zv‡`i wek¦vm, G hy× n‡”Q ïf Ges Aïf kw³i g‡a¨ `ywbqve¨vcx jovB| Aw¯ÍZ¡ nviv‡bvi cÖ”Qbœ GK fxwZ †gŠjev`x‡`i cÖwZwbqZ ZvwoZ K‡i| G Ae¯’v †_‡K gy³ _vKvi Rb¨ cÖvqk Zviv mvgv‡Ri g~javiv †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m wb‡Riv weKí GK †PZbvi D™¢e NUvq| Zviv ev¯Íe Ae¯’vi †cªwÿ‡Z KLbI ev g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i AvaywbK hyw³MÖvn¨Zvi c‡ÿ Avevi KL‡bv wec‡ÿ| †gŠjev`xiv ev¯ÍeZv weewR©Z †Kv‡bv a¨vb avibvi Abymvix bq| Zviv Zv‡`i g~j Av`k©‡K Abb¨ mvaviY ¸Ym¤úbœ †bZ…e„‡›`i cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b bZzb gZv`‡k©i m~Pbv K‡i| Zviv †gŠjev`x Av`‡k© wek¦vmx‡`i Rb¨ †g‡j a‡i h‡_ó hyZmB Kg©cwiKíbv| †gŠjev`xiv Zv‡`i agx©q †cŠivwYK Kvwnbx‡K m„wó KZ©vi Kg© wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvi e¨vcv‡i m`v m‡Pó| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv RwUj me †cŠivwYK Kvwnbx‡K me©Rb Dc‡hvMx Av`k© wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hvq| Avi Gme gZv`k© ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î evavMÖ¯Í n‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ˆZix nq †ÿvf| Zviv n‡q I‡V cÖwZwnsmv civqb| a‡g©i bv‡g ivóª ÿgZvUvB Zviv `Lj Ki‡Z Pvq| G †ÿ‡Î a‡g©i aviYv mgwói mv‡_ ev¯Íe Rxe‡Yi A‡bK †gŠwjK welqvw`i mw¤§jbB Zv‡`i ÒgZv`k©Ó| Pig ˆelg¨ m„wóKvix mgvR e¨e¯’vq G gZv`k© h‡_ó MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cvevi hyw³m½Z KviY A‡bK|

†gŠjev`x R½xZ¡Ð wech©‡qi cÖK…wZ I MfxiZv

I‡`i R½xZ¡ µgvš^‡q AZx‡Zi mKj mxgv AwZµg Ki‡QÐ cÖ_‡g wbixn †e‡k a‡g©i evYx, Zvic‡i kixi PP©vi bv‡g GKUz-AvaUz cÖwkÿY, Zvic‡i cUKvi †Ljv, Zvic‡i w¯úwj›Uvi Qvov †evgv, Zvici wc¯Íyj-wifjfv‡ii †Ljv-cÖ`k©b, Zvici mfv¯’jmn mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b †evgv †g‡i gvbyl nZ¨vi gva¨‡g ev½vjxi ms¯‹…wZ nZ¨vi cÖqvm, Zvici ev½vjx RvwZ‡K ivRbxwZwe` k~b¨ Kivi cÖ‡Póv, Zvici GK mv‡_ GKB mg‡q †`‡ki me †Rjv kn‡ii miKvwi Awdm I wePvivj‡q †evgv, Zvici wePviK nZ¨v, Avi me‡k‡l myBmvBW †evgv| mv¤úÖ`vwqK R½x‡Z¡i µgaviv hv Zv‡Z ¯úó †h Iiv h‡_ó kw³ mÂq K‡i‡Q Ges myBmvBW †evgvB †kl K_v bq| hw` wbi¯¿ Kiv bv hvq Zvn‡j mvg‡b m¤¢eZ Av‡iv eo gv‡ci b~Zb ai‡bi wech©q NU‡e hv nq‡Zv ev G gyn~‡Z© KíbvI Kiv hv‡”Q bv| evOvjx RvwZi BwZnv‡m G †Kv‡bv mvaviY msKU bqÐ cÖK…Z A‡_©B gnv-wech©q; Mfxi msK‡Ui G GK µvwšÍKvj|

ivóª cwiPvjbvq RbKj¨vYgyLx ivR‰bwZK cÖwZkÖæwZi Afv‡e Ggwb‡ZB †`‡ki A_©bxwZ `ye©j Avi GLb hÎZÎ Ges †gvUvgywU cÖvZ¨wnK R½xZ¡ `ye©j G A_©bxwZ‡K `ye©jZi Ki‡Q| d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb gvby‡li Rxeb gv‡bi (hv GgwbB †ek f½yi) `ªæZ A‡avMwZ NU‡Q, Avi Ab¨ w`‡K †`‡ki cÖvq cÖwZwU gvbylB cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxe‡bi wbivcËv wb‡q `ywðwšÍZ| G Ae¯’vq Avi hvB †nvK myk„sLj †Kv‡bv A_©‰bwZK-mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b Kv‡iv Drmvn-†cÖiYv _vKvi K_v bq| AÜKvi GK ¯’weiZvi w`‡K G¸‡”Q †`k|

evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ-ivRbxwZ-mgvR GLb cÖK…Z A‡_©B GK gnvwecbœ cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ NyicvK Lv‡”Q| A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK `ye„Ë©vq‡bi mv‡_ GLb hy³ n‡q‡Q mk¯¿ R½xev`| G R½xev` AZx‡Z Zv‡`i R½xZ¡ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q wew”Qbœ-wewÿßfv‡e| Avi GLb Ae¯’v`„‡ó g‡b n‡”Q †h Zv AZ¨šÍ cwiKwíZ Ges h‡_ó †KŠkwjK; cÖvq cÖwZw`bB Zviv Zv‡`i mk¯¿ kw³ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q Ges cÖwZw`bB Zviv wbixn gvbyl nZ¨v Ki‡Q; Zv‡`i †evgvq B‡Zvg‡a¨ eû wbixn gvbyl wPiZ‡i c½y n‡q‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq, G cÖwµqvq AvZ¥NvwZ †evgviæ wn‡m‡e hv‡`i e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q Zv‡`i cÖvq mK‡jB `wi`ª-wbgœweË cwiev‡ii †eKvi gvbyl Ges cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Le‡i bvbv m~Î D‡jøL K‡i ejv n‡qwQj †h Giv A‡b‡K AvbyôvwbK gv`ªvmv wkÿvjq †_‡K G‡m‡Qb Ges cÖvq mK‡jB GKwU mywbw`©ó ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Abymvix| Avevi B`vwbs †ek wKQy R½x mswkøó‡`i aiv n‡q‡Q hv‡`i cvwievwiK Ae¯’vb D¯Í ga¨weË I abxÐ hv gvbwmKZvi `vwi`ª-D™¢~Z Ges mvs¯‹…wZK `vwi`ª-D™¢~Z †gŠjev` wb‡`©k K‡i| †m mv‡_ M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h Gme R½x Zv‡`i Kg©KvÊ cwiPvj‡b GK kw³kvjx A_©‰bwZK wfwË M‡o Zz‡j‡Q hv †`kR I we‡`wk Dfq Dr‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

DMÖ mk¯¿ R½xev` A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZKfv‡e GZB msMwVZ I kw³gvb †h AšÍZ MZ †RvU miKv‡ii Avg‡j †`Lv †M‡Q †h R½x aiv co‡j ÿgZvi wfZ‡iB †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kw³ Zv‡`i †Q‡o †`evi Rb¨ cÖkvmwbK I ivóªÿgZv AccÖ‡qvM Ki‡Qb Ges AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î A`„k¨ kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i jÿ¨ AR©‡b mÿg n‡q‡Qb; wPwýZ R½x‡`i a‡i †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡q‡Q; Avi Zv‡`i gyL¨ wbqš¿K MW-dv`viÕiv m¤ú©~Y aiv-†Quvqvi evB‡iB †_‡K hv‡”Q| miKv‡ii A›`i gn‡ji mw`”Qv wb‡q †hŠw³K cÖkœ DÌvwcZ nq hLb ÒmeB wgwWqvi m„wóÓ e‡j R½xev`‡K Zz”Q Kiv nq; hLb ejv nq R½xev`x‡`i mv‡_ miKv‡ii A›`i gn‡ji †Kv‡bvB m¤úK© †bB A_P A›`i gn‡ji †KD †KD Avevi mywbw`©ófv‡e G m¤ú‡K©i K_v ej‡Qb; hLb R½xev`x e‡j †Kvb †emiKvwi ms¯’v‡K wPwýZ K‡i Avevi ZviB bv‡g 2 †KvwU UvKvi evnK-†PK cvk Kiv nq; hLb mswkøó wel‡q miKv‡ii wfZ‡iB wØavwefw³ ¯úó; hLb RvZxq gmwR‡`i g~j Bgvg mv‡ne GKB mv‡_ e‡jb †h Bmjv‡g AvZ¥œnZ¨v gnvcvc-Iiv wec_Mvgx Z‡e Bmjvgx kvmbZš¿ Kv‡qg n‡j me wVK n‡q hv‡e; hLb ejv nq I‡`i MwZ Avgv‡`i †P‡q †ewk; hLb ejv nq Avm‡Q K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨ me wVK n‡q hv‡e Avi GKB mv‡_ ejv n‡”Q GUv †Møvevj mgm¨v (A_©vr Avgv‡`i Kivi wKQy †bB) BZ¨vw`| G Ae¯’v‡K †`‡ki gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK Rxeb-wbivcËv I mvgwMÖK Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b GLb Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv P‡j|

Av‡iv `ywðšÍvi welq GB †h GLb ch©šÍ a„Z 1500 R½x‡`i Mo eqm gvÎ 22 eQi (16 †_‡K 28 eQ‡ii g‡a¨)| A_P 10-15 eQi Av‡M MYgva¨‡g R½x cÖwkÿ‡Yi †hme mwPÎ Lei cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj A_ev 10-15 eQi Av‡M hviv AvdMvwb¯Ívb, cvwK¯Ívb, evg©v‡Z R½x cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i eqm †Zv GLb n‡e 40-50 eQiÐ Zviv †Kv_vq? Avi hviv 1971-G Avj e`i-Avj kvgm-ivRvKvi-kvwšÍ KwgwUi bv‡g gyw³hy‡×i weiæ‡× A¯¿ a‡iwQ‡jb Ges/A_ev gyL¨ civgk©`vZvi KvR K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i eqm †Zv GLb 55-80 eQ‡ii g‡a¨Ð Zviv †Kv_vq? A_©vr m¤¢eZ MWdv`vi‡`i Avovj Kivi R‡b¨B †`wk-we‡`wk Pv‡c cieZx© RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb‡K mvg‡b weMZ miKv‡ii Avg‡j GLb †jvK †`Lv‡bv d«›U-jvB‡bi `yÕGKRb a‡i a‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gme MWdv`vi GLbI envj Zweq‡Z Zv‡`i KvR Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqv evavMÖ¯Í KiviI G GK beZi †KŠkj n‡Z cv‡i| gnvwech©qwU GLv‡bI| Avm‡j k‡l©i g‡a¨B f~Z| Avi f~‡Zi Rb¥e„ËvšÍ bv Rvb‡j f~Z Zvov‡bv Am¤¢e|

†gŠjev‡`i ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZ Ð wKQy †hvMm~Î

Ò†gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZÓ Zzjbvg~jK GK bZzb aviYv| †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi GK Nbxf~Z cÖKvk| †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvweiæ×| GK K_vq G A_©bxwZ Avgv‡`i gyw³-¯^vaxbZv D™¢yZ 72ÕGi msweav‡bi g~j †PZbv weiæ×| RbKj¨vYgyLx weKvk-AvKv•Lv ev¯Íevq‡b e¨_©Zv Ges Amv¤úÖ`vwqK-MYZvwš¿K gvbm KvVv‡gv m„wói e¨_©Zv †_‡KB cyó †gŠjev` I Zvi A_©bxwZ Ges mswkøó ivRbxwZ| G e¨_©ZvB †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi m¤úÖmviY I cybiærcv`‡bi cÖavb wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †h R½x‡Z¡i b„ksm-Amf¨ ewntcÖKvk Avgiv †`Ljvg 2005-G|

MZ kZvwãi cÖ_gv‡a© mgvRZ‡š¿i DÌvb Avi †k‡li w`‡K mgvRZvwš¿K †`kmg~‡n fv½b-cwieZ©b, DbœZ cyuwRevw` †`kmg~‡n A_©‰bwZK msKU, mvgªvR¨ev‡`i AvMÖvwm g‡bvfv‡ei ¯úó cÖKvk, c„w_exi GK †giæqvqb Avi wek¦vq‡bi Wvgv‡Wvj ag©-wfwËK †gŠjev‡`i DÌv‡b MwZ e„w× K‡i‡Q| mvgªvR¨ev` †gŠjev‡`i DÌvb Z¡ivš^q‡b †Kv_vI cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q (Zv‡jevbBRg, †gvjøv Igi, web jv‡`b Kv‡`i m„wó?), Avevi †Kv_vI ¯^v_© D×v‡ii c‡i Zv‡`i kÎæ wn‡m‡e wPw?ýZ K‡i‡Q| GmeB †kl ch©šÍ wba©vwiZ nq gybvdv mgxKiY w`‡q| mvgªvR¨ev` KLb †Kv_vq †Kvb f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡e Zv wbf©i Ki‡Q Zvi wbR¯^ ivR‰bwZK A_©‰bwZK mgxKi‡Y ¯^v_© mswkøóZvi IciÐ †hLv‡b †kl ch©šÍ A_©‰bwZK ¯^v_©wUB cÖavb| KviY 300% gybvdv cÖvwßi m¤¢vebv _vK‡j duvwmi m¤¢vebv †R‡bI Ggb †Kv‡bv Aciva †bB hvi SzuwK cyuwR †b‡e bv| myZivs mvgªvR¨ev‡`i weKv‡ki mv‡_ †gŠjev`-mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZi DÌvb I weKvk †hgb mvhyR¨c~Y© †Zgwb mvgªvR¨ev‡`i AwaKZi weKv‡ki ¯^v‡_© mywbw`©ó ai‡bi †gŠjev` evavi KviY n‡j Zv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ n‡e Ab¨ iƒ‡ci mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv w`‡qÐ GUvI jÿYxq| †Zj-M¨v‡mi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ, cvwb m¤ú‡`i †fŠMwjK A_©bxwZ, MÖn-DcMÖn `Lj I mswkøó KZ©„‡Z¡i A_©bxwZ, wek¦ evRv‡i (Z_vKw_Z ÔAeva evRviÕ Avi wek¦vq‡bi bv‡g) KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZÐ eZ©gvb hy‡M GmeB †gŠjev‡`i mv‡_ mvgªvR¨ev‡`i ¯^v_© mswkøóZvi Ab¨Zg Abyl½|

ewn:¯’ I Af¨šÍixY Dfq Dcv`vbB a‡g©i D`vi‰bwZKZvi wecix‡Z msKxY©Zv weKv‡k f~wgKv iv‡L| GKw`‡K wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgªvR¨ev`x Wjvi A_©bxwZi wech©qÐ †hgb hy³iv‡óªi PjwZ GKvD›U NvUwZ eQ‡i 500-600 wewjqb Wjvi, wek¦evRv‡i †c‡UªvWjv‡ii evo-evošÍ I Aw¯’iZv, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi AvdMvwb¯Ívb Avµgb, 11 †m‡Þ¤^‡i UyBb UvIqvi †f‡½ †djv Ges cieZx©‡Z mš¿vmev` `g‡bi bv‡g mvgªvR¨ev‡`i A‡hŠw³K AwZ-cÖwZwµqv, ÒDbœZÓ we‡k¦ gymjgvb bvgavix‡`i cÖwZ cÖKvk¨ m‡›`n-Awek¦vm, hy³ivóª-hy³iv‡R¨i we‡k¦i wØZxq e„nËg †ZjfvÊvi mg„× †`k BivK AvµgY I `Lj, †MvjvKvq‡bi †MvjKavuavq B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqvi Acms¯‹…wZ cÖPvi, Avi Ab¨w`‡K Avgv‡`i †`‡k `ye©„ËvwqZ Av_©-ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡k e¨vcK Rb‡Mvôxi `ytL-`y`©kv-eÂbv-wecbœZv e„w× I ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b gvby‡li µgea©gvb AmnvqZ¡Ð Gme wKQyB a‡g©i D`vi a¨vb-aviYvi wecix‡Z msKxY© `„wófw½i weKv‡k wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ gvÎvq Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Gme my‡hvM ag©-wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi Pvwn`v e„w×‡Z mnvqK, Avi †m Pvwn`v c~i‡YB †gŠjev`x A_©bxwZi D™¢e ejv hvq| G `yÕwU G‡K A‡b¨i cwicyiKÐ †hŠ_fv‡e Zv‡`i jÿ¨ Ôa‡g©i bv‡g ivóªÿgZv `LjÕ|

kvwšÍi a‡g©i ivRbxwZKiYÐ wKfv‡e NU‡jv?

GLb cÖvqB ïwb †h Ômv¤úª`vwqK R½xZ¡-mswkøó RvZxq wech©qwU m„wó n‡q‡Q 2005 Gi 17 AvM÷Õ-G| G we‡køl‡Y Avgvi Amyweav Av‡Q| KviY G w`bwU‡K gnvwech©‡qi ewntcÖKv‡ki A‡bK w`‡bi GKw`b ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| gnvwech©q GK w`‡b m„wó nqwb Ges Zv AcwiKwíZI bq| wech©‡qi De©i †ÿÎ m„wó n‡q‡Q GKUz GKUz K‡i| Avi †mB mv‡_ GK mg‡qi D`vi‰bwZK-gvbeZvev`x Bmjvg iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q ivR‰bwZK Bmjv‡g| AvR‡Ki R½xev`x gnvwech©‡qi Kvh©KiY †hvMm~Î eyS‡Z n‡j G cÖÖwµqvwU Abyaveb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

wb‡g©vn BwZnvmwU G iKgÐ G‡`‡k Bmjvg a‡g©i g~j cÖPvi‡Kiv A_©vr mywd-mvaK-Ijvgviv kZ kZ eQi a‡i †Kv‡bv DMÖ agx©q AvPvi cÖPvi K‡ibwb; GgbwK Zvuiv Zv mg_©bI K‡ibwb| D‡ëv Zviv agx©q AvbyôvwbKZv cÖPv‡ii ¯’vb †hgb gvRvi, gmwR`, gv`ªvmv‡K †i‡LwQ‡jb AvqZ‡b †QvU, Avi eo K‡iwQ‡jb cðvrc` AÂ‡j eb-R½j cwi®‹vi K‡i K…wl Kv‡Ri GjvKv| A_v©r Zviv gvbyl‡K m¤ú„³ K‡iwQ‡jb A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê-g~jZ: K…wl Kv‡R| †mB mv‡_ mywdiv hZ bv Ab¨ a‡g©i gvbyl‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Y DØy× K‡i‡Qb Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb †mevag©x Kg©Kv‡Ê| ÒAvkivdyj gvLjyKv‡Zi †mevB ag©ÓÐ G Zv‡`iB K_v| mywdiv KLbI †Kv_vI Ab¨ a‡g©i Dcvmbvjq †f‡½‡QbÐ G †`‡ki BwZnv‡m Ggb †Kv‡bv bwRi †bB| Avm‡j mywd-Ijvgviv Bmjvg a‡g©i gZv`‡k©i mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I K„wl Kv‡Ri mgš^q NwU‡qwQ‡jb| myZivs c~e© evsjvq Bmjvg a‡g©i D™¢e I weKv‡k Zievwi A_ev Awfevmb A_ev c„ô‡cvlKZvi †Zgb †Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB; GLv‡b Bmjvg weKwkZ n‡q‡Q K…wlwfwËK mf¨Zv weKv‡ki Abyl½ wn‡m‡e| Bmjvg a‡g©i mywd mvaKmn Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK ag© cÖPviK G †`‡k mvgšÍev` I Jcwb‡ekev` we‡ivax jovB-msMÖv‡g Ask wb‡q‡Qb; GgbwK †bZ…Z¡I w`‡q‡Qb| mywd-Ijvgviv a‡g©i D`vi‰bwZK-gvbweK hyw³ e¨envi K‡iB Zv K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq evsjvq gymwjg kvm‡bi mv‡_ BmjvgxKi‡Yi A_©vr gymwjg RbmsL¨v e„w×i †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB| myZivs D™¢e m~‡Î G †`‡k Bmjvg gvbeZvev`x, D`vi‰bwZK I †mKz¨jvi| A_©vr G †`‡ki gymjgv‡biv HwZnvwmKfv‡eB GK cwRwUf wWGbG-i evnK| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Bmjvg a‡g©i G cwRwUf wWGbG-i HwZnvwmK Dcw¯’wZi Kvi‡YB mk¯¿ R½xZ¡ ag©wfwËK ivóª cÖwZôvi mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i bv|

HwZnvwmK D™¢e m~‡Î †h Bmjvg gvbeZvev`x Zv †K‡bv, wKfv‡e ivR‰bwZK Bmjv‡g iƒcvšÍwiZ nÕ‡jv? agx©q mv¤úÖ`vwqK R½xZ¡ wKfv‡e G‡jv? Gi wcQ‡b Avwg cÖavbZ QqwU KviY Luy‡R cvB| cÖ_gZ: Bmjvg a‡g©i bv‡g mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivóªÐ cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôv (1947); wØZxqZ: 1971-G ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax hy×vcivax‡`i kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡b e¨_©Zv; Z…ZxqZ: 1975-G RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K nZ¨vi gva¨‡g mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv we¯Í…wZi c_ cÖk¯Í Kiv; PZz_©Z: 1972-Gi msweav‡bi Ab¨Zg g~j wfwË †mKz¨jviBRg eR©b K‡i Bmjvg ag©‡K ivóªxq ag© wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZi gva¨‡g ag©‡K iv‡óªi As‡M iƒcvšÍi Ges ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ ¯^xK…wZ †`qv (Avm‡j evsjv‡`k n‡q †M‡jv evsjv¯Ívb); cÂgZ: ¯^vaxbZv DËi Kv‡j A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK `ye©„Ëvqb cwicyó Kiv; Ges lôZ: A_©‰bwZK-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZKfv‡e †`‡k µgea©gvb ˆelg¨-eÂbv m„wói me e¨e¯’v cvKv‡cv³ Kiv| G ˆelg¨-eÂbv GKw`‡K †hgb Ab¨ cuvP KviY †_‡K D™¢~Z Avi Ab¨w`‡K G ˆelg¨-eÂbv wb‡RB R½xZ¡ cybiærcv`‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

c~e© evsjvq Bmjvg a‡g©i BwZnv‡m cÖ_g eo gv‡ci cðv`gyLx wech©q N‡U‡Q MZ kZvwã‡Z hLb weªwUk Jcwb‡ek we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi GK ch©v‡q ag©wfwËK ivóª cÖwZôvi cÖm½ G‡jvÐ A_v©r gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb Avi wn›`y‡`i Rb¨ wn›`y¯’vb| mv¤úÖ`vwqK ag©-wfwËK †`k wefvR‡b Bmjvg a‡g©i D`vi‰bwZK-gvbweK avivi wecix‡Z cðv`gyLx G iƒcvšÍi nVvr N‡UwbÐ Gi wcQ‡b GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q a‡g©i Rw½ev`x mywbw`©ó aviv (†hgb gI`y`xev` BZ¨vw`), `yÕkZvwãi Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb-‡kvlY, Ges wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i AZ¨vPvi| d‡j Bmjvg a‡g©i gvbeKj¨vYKvgx mywd-Ijvgv †PZbvi GK FYvZ¥K DËiY NU‡jvÐ hv wQ‡jv D`vi‰bwZK-gvbeZvev`x Zv iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡jv mv¤úÖ`vwqK msKxY©Zvq, D‡Ïk¨ wQj msKxY© ¯^v‡_© ag©‡K e¨envi K‡i ivóª ÿgZv `Lj Kiv| A_©vr ag©-wfwËK cvwK¯Ívb m„wói mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡`‡k Bmjvg a‡g©i weKv‡k GK cðv`gyLx cÖeYZv m„wó nj| Avi Zv n‡jv K„wl Dbœq‡bi wfwË‡Z A_©‰bwZK weKv‡ki aviv †_‡K mk¯¿ †gŠjev`x aviYvcyó ivóª ÿgZv `L‡ji cÖeYZv| cvwK¯Ív‡b agx©q mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi G aviv GZB cÖej n‡jv †h 1965-i cvK-fviZ hy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi me wn›`y‡`i Òwn›`y¯’vbxÓ evbv‡Z ZrKvjxb ag© e¨emvqx mvgšÍ-‡mbv kvmK‡`i PweŸk NÈv mgqI jv‡MwbÐ Rvwi Ki‡jb ÒkÎæ m¤úwË AvBbÓ †hLv‡b wn›`y gv‡ÎB kÎæ| ivóª-cwi‡ZvwlZ ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi Ggb bgybv c~e© evsjvi BwZnv‡m Gi Av‡M KL‡bv †`Lv hvqwb|

cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi cyiv mgqUv (1947-71) ivóª cwiPvjb Ges mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b ag©-wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK msKU DËi‡Y ag©‡K e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡QÐ wKQy n‡jB ejv n‡q‡Q ÒBmjvg wecbœÓ| wgwjUvwi kvmb I ˆ¯^ivPvi ejer ivL‡Z ÒBmjv‡gi wecbœZvÓ wQj GKgvÎ †ŠvMvb| me‡k‡l GUvB e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q 1971-G gyw³hy‡×i weiæ‡×Ð ÒBmjv‡gi wecbœZvÓ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K hLb cvÄvex-wmwÜ-†ejyP ˆmb¨ Avbv n‡q‡Q ZLb| GKB †ŠvMvb e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q G‡`‡k gyw³hy× we‡ivax ¸wU K‡qK ev½vjx gymjgvb wb‡q kvwšÍ KwgwU, Avj e`i, Avj kvgm, ivRvKvi BZ¨vw` evwnbx MVb cÖwµqvq| Gme hy×vcivaxiv wbwðZ wQj †h gyw³-¯^vaxbZv †PZbvq DØy× ev½vjxiv civµgkvjx cvK †mbvevwnbx I ivRvKvi-Avje`i‡`i Kv‡Q civwRZ n‡e| D‡ëvUv N‡U‡Q| A‡bK i³, Z¨vM-wZwZÿvi g~‡j¨ Avgiv ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡iwQ| Z‡e gy&w³hy× we‡ivwa hy×vcivax RvZxq kÎæ‡`i †Kv‡bv ai‡Yi kvw¯Íi weavb Avgiv Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cvwiwb| GUvI cieZ©xKv‡j Zv‡`i J×Z¨ e„w×‡Z mnvqK n‡q‡Q| RvwZi wcZvi b„ksm nZ¨vKvÊ, cvwK¯Ív‡b R½x cÖwkÿY, AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b Zv‡jevb cÖwkÿY, evg©vq R½x cÖwkÿY, †`‡ki wfZ‡i R½xZ¡ e„w×i Kg©KvÊÐ G me ZvivB msMwVZ K‡i‡Q; Gm‡ei GKB Drm, GKB jÿ¨| ag© e¨emvqx msMwVZ G †Mvwô Ges DMÖ-mv¤úÖ`vwqK g‡bvfvevcbœ Zv‡`i wKQy AbymvixivB evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev`x A_©bxwZ I mswkøó R½xev`x ivRbxwZi PvjK| G‡`‡k a‡g©i BwZnv‡m G GK Pig weK…wZKvjÐ ejv hvq cðv`gyLx iƒcvšÍ‡ii wØZxq Kvjce©| G †`‡k Bmjvg a‡g©i HwZnvwmK g~j avivi weKv‡ki mv‡_ eZ©gvb †gŠjev`x ivRbxwZ-A_©bxwZi wecixZag©x cv_©K¨Uv GLb ¯úó|

cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv ïay ivóª MV‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡eB KvR K‡iwb Zv k‰bt k‰bt e„w× †c‡q‡Q| `yB A_©bxwZi ˆel‡g¨ wcó gvby‡li gyw³i j‡ÿ¨ 1971-G evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Kiv n‡qwQj| G †`‡ki gvbyl ¯^cœ †`‡LwQ‡jb RbKj¨vYgyLx GKwU iv‡óªiz †h iv‡óª wbwðZ n‡e Pq‡bi ¯^vaxbZv, AevwiZ n‡e A_©‰bwZK my‡hvM, D‡”Q` n‡e ewÂZ‡`i eÂbv-`y`©kv, D‡b¥wlZ n‡e mvgvwRK myweavw`, cvIqv hv‡e ivR‰bwZK gyw³, _vK‡e ¯^”QZv I myiÿvi wbðqZv, m„wó n‡e m¤ú~Y© Amv¤úÖ`vwqK cwi‡ek, cÖùzwUZ n‡e ag© wbi‡cÿ AvPiY I Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbv| Avi Avkv wQj †h Gme wKQyB NU‡e gvby‡l gvby‡l ‰elg¨ nªv‡mi gva¨‡g †mKz¨jvi gvbm-KvVv‡gv I Rxeb AvPiY m„wói cÖwµqvq| GB wQj Avgv‡`i mvsweavwbK A½xKv‡ii gg©e¯Íy †hLv‡b my¯úó ejv ÒRbMYB nB‡eb cÖRvZ‡š¿i mKj ÿgZvi gvwjKÓ| G j‡ÿ¨ msweavb †gŠwjK Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i bvix-cyiæl, ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mgvbvwaKv‡ii A½xKvi K‡i cÖKv‡k¨| wKš‘ cÖK…Z A‡_© G A½xKv‡ii mv‡_ ev¯Í‡ei dvivK µgvMZfv‡e GZB †e‡o‡Q hLb †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ I †Rvi K‡i ivóªÿgZv `L‡ji j‡ÿ¨ mv¤úÖ`vwqK R½x ivRbxwZi we¯Í…wZ Aek¨B Aev¯Íe bq|

†gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ I mswkøó R½xZ¡ e„w×i A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK wfwË

evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev‡`i A_©‰bwZK wfZ `ye©j bq| Zvi KviY evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z AvbyôvwbKfv‡e mvgšÍev`x Drcv`b m¤úK© ÿq n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GKw`‡K †hgb wPivPwiZ mvgšÍev`x gvbm KvVv‡gv wejyß nqwb †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K cyuwRev`x Drcv`b m¤úK©I weKwkZ nqwb; weKwkZ n‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi wbK…ó cyuwR, hv Drcv`bkxj wewb‡qv‡M f~wgKv iv‡L bv| Òweªd‡Km cyuwRev`Ó weKv‡k wkí-wfwËK wPivqZ cyuwRev‡`i Zyjbvq ÒkKzb cyuwRev`Ó A‡bK †ewk AbyK~j| GB cyuwRev` Drcv`bkxj wkí-K„wl wbf©i A_©bxwZi †P‡q bMiwfwËK f~wg-e¨emv Ges †`vKvb`vix A_©bxwZ weKv‡k A‡bK †ewk Drmvnx| A_©vr KvVv‡gvMZfv‡eB GB c×wZ DØ„Ë kª‡gi A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói †ÿ‡Î †Zgb †Kv‡bv f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| n‡”Q bv `vwi`ª we‡gvPb| †h `vwi`ª A_©bxwZ †_‡K gvbwmKZvi `vwi`ª ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| Aek¨ G ai‡bi gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ KL‡bvB `vwi`ª-evÜe bq| GK‡PwUqv cyuwRev`x wek¦vq‡bi gy³evRvi G‡`‡ki RvZxq cyuwR-wfwËK Dbœqb cÖwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi e`‡j †h cªwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i‡Q ZvI †gŠjev` cywó‡Z mnvqK|

KvVv‡gvMZ iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbwi‡L ¯^vaxbZv DËi wZb `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Ggb †Kv‡bv †gŠwjK cwieZ©b N‡Uwb hv w`‡q ejv hv‡e †h, ¯^vaxbZvi gvbeKj¨vYgyLx †PZbv ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q| my¯’-mej-†PZbvmg„× †f`-nxb gvbyl m„wóB wQj ¯^vaxbZvi g~j AvKvOÿv| †m AvKvOÿv I ev¯ÍeZvi `~iZ¡ e¨vcK I µgea©gvb| AvKv•Lv I ev¯ÍeZvi µgea©gvb G dvivKUvI †gŠjev` †Zvl‡Y mnvqK|

`yB A_©bxwZi ˆel‡g¨i weiæ‡× jovB K‡i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨y`q N‡U‡Q G K_v mZ¨| Z‡e MZ wZb `k‡Ki weKv‡ki aviv 15 †KvwU gvby‡li Avgv‡`i †`k‡K my¯úófv‡e `yÕfv‡M wefvwRZ K‡i‡Q: cÖ_g fv‡M Av‡Qb msL¨vjNy ÿgZvai gvbyl, hv‡`i msL¨v n‡e eo‡Rvi 10 jvL; Avi wØZxq fv‡M Av‡Qb msL¨v¸iæ ÿgZvnxb gvbyl, hv‡`i msL¨v n‡e 14 †KvwU 90 jvL| ivRbxwZ-A_©bxwZi gvic¨v‡P m„wó n‡q‡Q Ggb GK Ae¯’v †hLv‡b 10 jvL ÿgZva‡ii wecix‡Z Av‡Qb 14 †KvwU 90 jvL ÿgZvnxb, Amnvq, `y`©kvMÖ¯Í ewÂZ gvbyl| cÖK…Z A‡_© GB wekvj msL¨K ÿgZvnxb gvby‡li mÿgZv e„w× A_ev ÿgZvnxb‡`i ÿgZvqb A_ev Dbœq‡b ewÂZ‡`i AšÍfy©³ G wel‡qÄAšÍZ A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Êi wbwi‡L m‡PZb †Kv‡bv cÖqvm KLbI ev¯ÍevwqZ nqwb| D‡ëv, ÿgZvevb‡`i ÿgZv e„w×i eûgyLx cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| Ae¯’v`„‡ó g‡b n‡”Q †h, Zv AviI eûw`b envj _vK‡e| mvgwMÖK ivR‰bwZK-A_©‰bwZK mgxKiY Zv-B wb‡`©k K‡i| Avi fvimvg¨nxb weKvk mgxKi‡Y G‡ÿ‡Î ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK Av`‡k© DØy× n‡q hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev †Mvwô Ògyw³i c‡_Ó myBmvBW †evgviæ wn‡m‡e Ô†e‡nkZevmxÕ nevi Rb¨ AvZ¥vûwZ †`q Zv A‡hŠw³K n‡e †K‡bv?

G‡`‡ki msL¨vMwiô ÿgZvnxb gvbyl (Kg©ms¯’vb I RxebhvÎvi m~PK-msµvšÍ miKvwi cwimsL¨vb hv-B ejyK bv †Kb) AwZK‡ó Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Qb, G wel‡q †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| G‡`‡k †gvU RvZxq Av‡q `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi wnm¨v DË‡ivËi K‡g‡Q, Avi abx‡`i †e‡o‡QÐ GK_v miKvwifv‡eB ¯^xK…Z| g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h MZ 20 eQ‡i G †`‡k `wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨v 6 †KvwU †_‡K †e‡o GLb 10 †KvwU‡Z `uvwo‡q‡Q; Avi †mB mv‡_ `wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨v e„w×i nvi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nv‡ii †P‡q †ewk| weKvk cÖeYZv hv Zv‡Z †`Lv hvq wbKU AZx‡Zi `wi`ªiv `wi`ªB _vK‡Qb, Avi wbgœweË n‡”Qb `wi`ª, †mB mv‡_ ga¨-ga¨we‡Ëi e¨vcK Ask nq wbgœ-ga¨we‡Ë A_ev GK jv‡d `wi‡`ª iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡”Qb| GKB mg‡q A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, Avi wkÿv-ms¯‹…wZi †ÿÎmn me©Î GK AvZ¥NvZx jyÉb ms¯‹…wZ †Ru‡K e‡m‡Q| GB jyÉb ms¯‹…wZi PwiÎ-wbqvgK nÕj Kv‡jv UvKv, mš¿vm, A‰ea A¯¿, †cwk kw³, Nyl, `ybx©wZ, Kzkvmb-Ackvmb, `gb-cxob BZ¨vw`| GmeB ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ I †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ MV‡bi mnvqK Dcv`vb|

MZ wZb `k‡K G‡`‡k Av_©-mvgvwRK weKv‡k g~j cÖeYZv nÕj: 10 jvL `ye©„Ë 14 †KvwU 90 jvL mvaviY gvbyl‡K cÖvwZôvwbK `ye©„Ëvq‡bi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ wRw¤§ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| ÿgZvai msL¨vjwNô `ye„©Ë I `ye©„Ëvq‡bi wkKvi ÿgZvnxb msL¨v¸iæ G `yÕwU aviv ¯úóZB weivR Ki‡Q| †gŠjev‡`i ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZi D™¢e I weKvk mnvqK MZ wZb `k‡Ki †L‡ivLvZv (mviwY 1 `ªóe¨) †h wPÎ †`Lvq, Zv‡Z ¯úó †h, hv wKQy gvbeKj¨vYwegyL I Dbœqb we‡ivax †m¸‡jv DË‡ivËi cÖe„w× jvf K‡i‡Q; gbyl¨ m¤úK©mn mewKQyB evRvwi c‡Y¨ iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q; cÖvšÍ¯’ Av_©-mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv‡Z †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡e Drcv`bkxj I RbKj¨vYgyLx wfwË m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| Dbœq‡bi †L‡ivLvZv †`Lv‡”Q †h, hv e„w× †c‡j mK‡ji Rb¨B g½j n‡Zv, Zv e„w× cvqwb, nªvm †c‡q‡Q, Avi hv nªvm †c‡j fvj nZ, Zv `ªæZnv‡i †e‡o‡Q| MZ wZb `k‡K wKQy gvbyl A‡Xj m¤ú‡`i gvwjK n‡q‡Qb Avi e¨vcK Rb‡Mvwô wbt¯^ n‡q‡Qb (Avi wbt¯^ gvbyl Avkªq †Luv‡Rb); m¤ú‡`i Drcv`bkxj wewb‡qvM nqwb, AbycvwR©Z Avq AwaK nv‡i AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi Drm Lyu‡R‡Q; wKQy gvby‡li †RŠjym †e‡o‡Q Avi e¨vcK Rb‡Mvwôi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi eÂbv-`y`©kv m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q; D‡V‡Q eûZj feb, †e‡o‡Q ew¯Í| miKvwi cÖK…Z e¨q eivÏ RbKj¨v‡Y K‡g‡Q, †e‡o‡Q Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z; †e‡o‡Q ‰e‡`wkK Lei`vwi, K‡g‡Q †`kR ¯’vbxq D‡`¨vM; †e‡o‡Q Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z miKvwi e¨q-eivÏ, †mB m‡½ †e‡o‡Q cvewj‡Ki m‡½ cvewjK mv‡f©›U‡`i `~iZ¡; †e‡o‡Q wbe©vPbx e¨q, K‡g‡Q mykvmb Avi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv; †e‡o‡Q Kv‡jv UvKvi `vcU, K‡g‡Q RbM‡Yi cÖwZ ivRbxwZwe`‡`i ggZ¡‡eva|

†e‡o‡Q wkÿvq abx-`wi`ª ˆelg¨, K‡g‡Q †gŠwjK wkÿvLv‡Z miKvwi cÖK…Z e¨q eivÏ; †e‡o‡Q `vwi`ª-D™¢yZ AmyL-wemyL Ges wPwKrmv e¨q D™¢yZ wb:¯^vqb, K‡g‡Q miKvwi ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Zi Kvh©KvwiZv; †e‡o‡Q ag©-e¨emv, cxi-dwK‡ii msL¨v, †R¨vwZwli msL¨v, fvM¨wek¦vm, a‡g©i bv‡g mwnsmZv, Avi K‡g‡Q wfbœ a‡g©i gvby‡li cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva, weÁvb PP©v, ag© wbi‡cÿ AvPiY I gvbm KvVv‡gvÐ GK K_vq mycÖk¯Í n‡q‡Q mvs¯‹…wZK mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKi‡Yi wfwË|

Gm‡ei cvkvcvwk wkÿvi mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKiY †gŠjev‡`i A_©‰bwZK kw³ e„w×‡Z mivmwi mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q: MZ wZb `k‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v †e‡o‡Q wØ¸Y Avi `vwLj gv`ªvmv †e‡o‡Q 8 ¸Y; cÖv_wgK wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b wkÿv_x© †e‡o‡Q wØ¸Y Avi `vwLj gv`ªvmvq †e‡o‡Q 13 ¸Y; miKvwi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b gva¨wgK ch©v‡q GKRb QvÎ/QvÎxi gv_vwcQy ivóªxq e¨q †hLv‡b 3000 UvKv, miKvwi gv`ªvmv Lv‡Z Zv 5000 UvKv| wkÿvi mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKi‡Yi AwfNvZ I cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹v‡ii †ÿ‡Î G K_vI we‡klfv‡e we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e †h AwaKvsk gv`ªvmvi QvÎ-QvÎxiv wKš‘ ¯^íweË-`wi`ª cwievi †_‡K AvMZ| DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqK Rw½ AvZ¥NvwZ †evgvevR‡`i †ÿ‡ÎI wKš‘ GKB ai‡bi aviYv-KvVv‡gv cª‡hvR¨|

A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZi `ye©„Ëvqb Ges Mixe I ga¨we‡Ëi ¯^v_©we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZ wbf©i Dbœq‡bi aviv evsjv‡`‡ki kni AÂ‡ji †kªYx KvVv‡gv e`‡j w`‡q‡Q| Av_© mvgvwRK †kªYx KvVv‡gv †hfv‡e e`‡j‡Q Zv DMÖmv¤úÖ`vwqKZv I †gŠjev` weKv‡ki AbyK~j| evsjv‡`‡k Pjgvb Av_©-mvgvwRK †kªYx KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©‡bi GB aib mvgwMÖKfv‡e `vwi`ª Ges ga¨we‡Ëi †envj `kv‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| †kªYx KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©‡bi G avivwU ¸wU K‡qK abxK †kªYxi nv‡Z m¤ú` I ÿgZv cywÄf~Z nIqvi welqwUI ¯úóZi K‡i| wb‡Pi ˆewkó¸‡jv Av_©-mvgvwRK †kªYx KvVv‡gv cwieZ©b cÖeYZvi †m wPÎwUB Zz‡j a‡i hv w`‡q agx©q DMÖev` Ges †gŠjev‡`i ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZi weÁvbm¤§Z we‡kølY m¤¢e (mviwY: 2)|

mviwY 2: evsjv‡`‡k Av_©-mvgvwRK †kªYxi MwZ cªeYZv, 1984-2004

Avgvi wn‡m‡e 2004 mv‡ji 14 †KvwU gvby‡li g‡a¨ 9 †KvwU 10 jÿ gvbyl `wi`ª (†gvU RbmsL¨vi 65%), mv‡o Pvi †KvwU gvbyl ga¨weË †kªYxi (32.1%) Ges Aewkó 40 jÿ gvbyl (2.9%) abx| `yB `kK Av‡M †e‡o‡Q AwZwi³ `wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨v wQj 6 †KvwU gvbyl A_©vr MZ wek eQ‡i `wi`ª gvby‡li msL¨v 3 †KvwU 10 jvL| `wi`ª RbmsL¨vi GB e„w× RvZxq Dbœq‡bi e¨_©ZviB ewn:cÖKvk| hv evsjv‡`‡k a‡g©i cÖfve Ges ag©xq mv¤úÖ`vwqK DMÖZv‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi wfwË gReyZ K‡i‡Q|

kn‡ii Zzjbvq MÖv‡g `wi`ª †kªYx gvby‡li AvwaK¨ †ewk| kZKiv 85 fvM MÖv‡g Ges 15 fvM kn‡i evm K‡i| MÖv‡g emevmKvix 60 kZvsk Lvbv f~wgnxb| kZKiv 80 Lvbv‡Z ˆe`y¨wZK ms‡hvM †bB| kZKiv 65 Rb miKvwi ¯^v¯’¨ †mev †_‡K ewÂZ| evsjv‡`‡k knivqb gyjZ: ew¯Íqvqb A_ev kû‡i Rxe‡bi MÖvgxwbKiY| †hLv‡b N‡U bv wkívqb, we¯Í…wZ N‡U AbvbyôvwbK LvZmg~n| MÖvg I kn‡ii GB cÖK…wZi `vwi`ª agx©q DMÖZvmn mswkøó Kg©KvÊ DrcwËi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ De©i mnvqK wfwËf~wg m„wó K‡i|

weMZ 20 eQ‡i (1984-2004) †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡q‡Q 40 kZvsk| A_P weËnxb RbmsL¨ve„w×i cwigvb 52%| G †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq `vwi`ª ZvwoZ †gŠjev‡`i e„w×i cwigvYI MZ wek eQ‡i AvbycvwZKnv‡i †ewk nIqvUvB ¯^vfvweK| ga¨weË †kªYxi aviK eZ©gv‡b mv‡o Pvi †KvwU, hvi g‡a¨ 1 †KvwU 40 jÿ wbgœga¨weË, 1 †KvwU 50 jÿ ga¨-ga¨weË Ges Aewkó 60 jÿ D”P ga¨weË †kªYxf~³| GB ga¨weË †kªYx we‡klZ Aw¯’wZkxj wbgœ I ga¨-ga¨weË †kªYx †_‡K †gŠjev‡`i †gavkw³ MwVZ nq| agx©q †gŠjev‡`i mvd‡j¨i g~j PvweKvwVI G‡`i Kâvq|

Zvn‡j MZ `yÕ`k‡K G †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK †kªYx web¨v‡mi †h cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq Zv n‡jv: weMZ 20 eQ‡i ea©bkxj Rb‡Mvwôi 78% Rb‡K `wi`ª wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Aewkó 20 kZvsk g~jZ: wbgœweË †kªYxi wbgœMvgx cÖeYZvi Kvi‡Y| ga¨weË †kªYxi AwaKvskB kni †Kw›`ªK| wKš‘ kZKiv 67 fvM ga¨we‡Ëi evm MÖvg GjvKvq (hv‡`i 60% wbgœwe‡Ëi aviK)| weMZ 20 eQ‡i ga¨weË wfwËK RbmsL¨vi cwigvY †e‡o‡Q 85 jÿ (3 †KvwU 65 jÿ 1984 mv‡j Ges 4 †KvwU 5 jÿ 2004 mv‡j)| ga¨we‡Ë ea©gvb kZKiv 60 fvM RbmsL¨v msMwVZ n‡q‡Q wbgœga¨weË e„w×i Kvi‡Y| GB cÖeYZv wbgœga¨weË †kªYx‡K Dc‡i DV‡Z †`q bv eis ga¨weË †kªYx‡K wbgœga¨we‡Ëi w`‡K ZvwoZ K‡i| weMZ 20 eQ‡i hLb ga¨weË †kªªYxi Rb‡Mvwô †e‡o wM‡q `vuovq 23.3%-G Ges wbgœga¨weË †kªYx 26.3% e„w× nq ZLb GKB mg‡q wbgœga¨weË †Mvwôi GKUv e„nr Ask `wi‡`ª iƒcvšÍvwiZ n‡q‡Q| 2004 mv‡j abx (D”P †kªYx) RbmsL¨vi cwigvY `uvovq 4 jÿ| weMZ 20 eQ‡i 7 jÿ gvbyl abxK †kªYx‡Z †hvM nq A_v©r 1984 mvj †_‡K 2004 mvj ch©šÍ abxK †kªYxi e„w× nq 21.2% (G e„w×i nvi wbgœ) AviI ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i ejv hvq, abxK †kªYxi mswkøó e„w× Ask †gvU RbmsL¨vi wbwi‡L e¨vcKfv‡e nªvm cvq A_©vr 1984 mv‡j 3.3% †_‡K nªvm †c‡q 2.9%-G `vuovq| A_©‰bwZK `ye„©Ëvqb Ges Kv‡jv A_©bxwZi Ici M‡elYvq GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, abxi g‡a¨ GKUv msL¨-¯^í`j m„wó n‡q‡Q hviv Òmycvi abxÕ A_ev Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, G‡`i g‡a¨ 10% abx gvbyl Av‡Q hviv mgMÖ abxK †kªYxi AwaKvsk m¤ú` wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|

AZGe evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK †kªYx weKv‡ki cÖeYZv †_‡K GUv fvimv‡g¨i MVb ¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq †h, MZ 20 eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K `vwi`ª Ae¯’v AviI cÖKU n‡q‡Q| ga¨weË †kªYxi g‡a¨ wbgœMvgx cÖeYZv Ges ga¨-ga¨weË †kªYx `vwi`ª mxgvi KvQvKvwQ DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| bMb¨ msL¨K abxK †kªYxi nv‡Z m¤ú` cywÄf~Z n‡q‡Q| GB cªKU MY`vwi`ª Ges e¨vcK AmgZv-‰elg¨ ga¨weË †kªYx‡K Aw¯’wZkxj ch©v‡q wb‡q G‡m‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k bMœ AwZm¤ú`kxjZvi wfwËf~wg ‰Zix n‡q‡Q AwZ Aí msL¨K abxK †Mvwôi †ÿ‡Î hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z agx©q mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv, R½xev` Ges †gŠjev‡`i Rb¨ AbyK~j cwiw¯’wZ D™¢e n‡q‡Q|

myZivs we‡køl‡Y G Dcmsnv‡i DcbxZ nIqv m¤¢e †h hw`I K‡qK kZvwãi HwZnvwmK weKvk G †`‡k A_©bxwZi mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKi‡Yi c‡ÿ hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i bv Z_vwc MZ Aa©kZvwãi (ag©wfwËK cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi mgmvgwqKKvj †_‡K) gvbe Kj¨vYwegyL Dbœqb aviv †gŠjev‡`i A_©‰bwZK wfwË my`„pKi‡Yi mKj kZ© m„wó I m¤úÖmvwiZ K‡i‡Q| Avi wek¦vqbmn Dbœq‡bi A‡bK Dcv`vbB G cÖwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i‡Q|

†gŠjev`x A_©bxwZ I mswkøó ivRbxwZi we¯Í…wZ I cÖeYZv

¯^vaxbZv DËi evsjv‡`‡k RbKj¨vYKvgx ivR‰bwZK kw³i Kvw•LZ weKvk Z¡ivwš^Z nqwb| ivóªÿgZvq Ny‡i wd‡i G‡m‡Q ‰¯^iZš¿ A_ev Kv‡jv UvKvi ¯^v_©evwn msm`| `ye©„ËvwqZ n‡q‡Q A_©bxwZ, Avi Zv ivRbxwZi `ye©„Ëvq‡bi Kvh©Kix Pvwn`v e„w× K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k A_©‰bwZK `ye©„Ëvq‡bi wb`k©Kmg~n wbgœiƒc: MZ wZb `k‡K evsjv‡`‡k miKvwifv‡e †h 2 jvL †KvwU UvKvi mgcwigvY ˆe‡`wkK FY-Aby`vb G‡m‡Q Zvi 75% jyU K‡i‡Q `ye„©Ëiv (hv‡`i msL¨v Avm‡j 2 jvL Avi cwievi-cwiRbmn 10 jvL gvbyl); Giv GLb eQ‡i cÖvq 70 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi mgcwigvY Kv‡jv UvKv m„wó K‡i (hv RvZxq Av‡qi GK Z…Zxqvsk), GivB eQ‡i 30-40 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi mgcwigvY A‰ea A_© ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii/cvPv‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³, GivB eQ‡i 15 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi Nyl-`ybx©wZi mv‡_ RwoZ, GivB cÖvq 40 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi FY‡Ljvwc, GivB meai‡Yi eo gv‡ci A‰ea A¯¿ I WªvM e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³; Giv †`‡ki Kgc‡ÿ 1 †KvwU weNv Lvm Rwg I Rjvf~wg A‰eafv‡e `Lj K‡i Av‡Q; GivB DcK~jxq AÂ‡j e„nr wPswo‡Ni I e¨vw³MZ mk¯¿ evwnbx M‡o Zz‡j‡Q; †h †Kvb miKvwi µ‡q (evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq) A_ev eo ai‡Yi wewb‡qv‡M G‡`i‡K Kgc‡ÿ 20% Kwgkb w`‡Z nq BZ¨vw`| Avi ivR‰bwZK `ye©„Ëvq‡bi ewntcÖKvk eûgyLx: A_©bxwZi `ye„©Ëiv Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK ¯^v_© wmw×i Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqv I bxwZ wba©viYx cÖwZôvb Ggbfv‡e `Lj K‡ib †hLv‡b msweav‡bi wewa †gvZv‡eK ivóª cwiPvjb Am¤¢e| Zviv g~j avivi ÿgZvi ivRbxwZ I mswkøó cªwZôvb-e¨vw³‡K dvÛ K‡ib; Zviv Nyl-`ybx©wZ‡Z c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡ib; Zviv ivóªxq ev‡RU eivÏ wba©viY I †fvM Kivi e‡›`ve¯Í cvKv‡cv³ K‡ib; Zviv jyU K‡ib mewKQyÐ Rwg, cvwb, evZvm GgbwK wePv‡ii ivq; Zviv a‡g©i †jevm hÎZÎ e¨envi K‡ibÐ ¯^-avwg©KZv cÖ`k©‡b †nb KvR †bB hv K‡ib bv; RvZxq msm‡`i Avmb wK‡b †d‡jbÐ Zviv Rv‡bb ¯’vb‡f‡` 1 †KvwU UvKv †_‡K 28 †KvwU UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i RvZxq msm‡`i GKwU Avmb µq/`Lj m¤¢e Ges †mUv Zviv cÖvKwUk K‡ib| †hgb e¨emvqxÕiv wQj 1954 -Gi msm‡` 4% Avi me©‡kl msm‡` 84%, Aek¨ Òe¨emvUvÓ †h wK Zv wbe©vPb KwgkbI mwVK Rv‡b bv| A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZi Gme `ye©„Ë‡`i cÖwZ gvby‡li AvZ¥vi Mfx‡i Abv¯’v Av‡Q; gvby‡li mvg‡b GLb Avi ivR‰bwZK ‚role model… e‡j wKQy †bBÐ Gme cÖeYZv †h nZvkv-wbivkv m„wó K‡i‡Q †m¸‡jvB n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqK †gŠjev`x‡`i msMVb we¯Í…wZi mnvqK Dcv`vb|

cÖavbZ A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK `ye©„Ëvq‡bi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Z_vKw_Z MYZwš¿ ivRbxwZwe`‡`i cÖwZ Av¯’v nviv‡”Qb/nvwi‡q‡Qb, Avi cÖMwZi avivI †mB mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q weKwkZ nqwb/n‡”Q bv| gvbyl hLb µgvMZ wecbœ n‡Z _v‡Kb, ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡bi Dci Av¯’v nvivb Ges Av¯’vnxbZv hLb wbq‡g cwiYZ nq ZLb e¨vcK mvaviY Rbgvbyl DË‡ivËi AwaK nv‡i wbqwZ wbf©i n‡Z eva¨ nb| Avi G wbqwZ wbf©iZv evo‡Q K…wlcÖavb A_©bxwZ‡Z †hLv‡b 60 fvM K…lKB GLb f~wgnxb, †h K…wl wfwËi DciB G‡`‡k weKwkZ n‡q‡Q ag©| G f¨vKzqvg-UvB e¨envi Ki‡Q †gŠjev`x ivRbxwZ| Zviv †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †`‡L‡Qb †Kgb K‡i mv¤úÖ`vwqK †Mvwô GgbwK A‡cÿvK…Z `xN©Kvj MYZš¿ PP©vi ¯’vb fvi‡ZI `yPvi‡U msm` Avmb `Lj K‡i 10/15 eQi c‡i ivóªÿgZv `Lj K‡iwQj| Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK D`vniYmn GUvI evsjv‡`‡k ivóª ÿgZvi kx‡l© Av‡ivn‡Y Zv‡`i ¯^cœ‡K ev¯Íe Ki‡e e‡j Zviv g‡b K‡i| Avi Zviv ¯úó Rv‡b †h `jxq ivRbxwZ‡K ¯^q¤¢i Ki‡Z Zv‡`i wbR¯^ A_©‰bwZK k³ fxZ cÖ‡qvRb| Ab¨_vq K¨vWviwfwËK `j MVb I cwiPvjb Ges ivóªÿgZv `L‡ji j‡ÿ¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wfbœ wfbœ ai‡Yi g‡Wj PP©v m¤¢e bq|

evsjv‡`‡k GLb K¨vWviwfwËK ivRbxwZi mnvqZvq †gŠjev` †h me Av_©-ivR‰bwZK g‡W‡ji Zzjbvg~jK Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿv-wbixÿv Ki‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ 12-wU e„nr eM© nj wbgœiƒc: Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, wkÿv cÖwZôvb, Jla wkí I ¯^v¯’¨ cÖwZôvb, ag© cÖwZôvb, e¨emvwqK-evwYR¨ cÖwZôvb, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v m¤ú„³ cÖwZôvb, wi‡qj G‡÷U, msev` gva¨g I Z_¨ cÖhyyw³, ¯’vbxq miKvi, †emiKvwi ms¯’v, evsjvfvB (Ges Abyiƒc cÖKíwfwËK Kvh©µg), Ges K…lK-kªwgKmn wewfbœ †ckvRxex mwgwZi Kg©KvÊ †Kw›`ªK cÖwZôvb (QK 1 `ªóe¨)| Gme cÖwZôv‡bi me¸wj gybvdv AR©b‡hvM¨ cÖwZôvb bq (†hgb ¯’vbxq miKvi I †ckvRxwe mwgwZ)- G‡ÿ‡Î µm-fZ©ywK †`qv nq Ges †mB mv‡_ Avgvi `„wó‡Z gybvdv-A‡hvM¨ cÖwZôv‡bI Zviv D”P gybvdv K‡ib (†hgb evsjvfvB cÖKí †hLv‡b f~wg LvRbv, Puv`vevwR cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q; GgbwK †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv AÂ‡j gv`ªvmv‡ZI AZz¨¯Í gybvdv A_v©r eQi †k‡l e¨‡qi †P‡q Avq †ewk nq)| gvby‡li agx©q Av‡eM Abyf~wZ e¨envi K‡i AvcvZ`„wó‡Z gybvdv A‡hvM¨ cªwZôv‡b gybvdv m„wói Zzjbvg~jK myweav Zv‡`i Av‡Q|

GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, Bmjvgx †gŠjev`x R½x msMVb¸‡jv AvcvZ`„wó‡Z g~javivi Bmjvgcš’x `‡ji †_‡K Avjv`vÐ R½xiƒc| evsjv‡`‡k ‡gvU 124wU GB iKg R½x-‡gŠjev`x `j Av‡Q hviv cÖKv‡k¨ KvR K‡i bv| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q: Avj-nvivZ Avj-Bmjvgxqv, Avjøvi `j weª‡MW, AvjgvK©vRyi Avj Bmjvgx, Avj-wRnv` evsjv‡`k, Avn‡j nvw`m, AvjKziAvZ, Avj Bmjvgx knx` weª‡MW, Avj-wL`gZ, Avwgiv‡Z-w`b, Avj-mvC` gyRvwn` evwnbx, Avj-ZvbRxe, AvivKvb gyRvwn` cvwU© (Ges Ab¨vb¨ `jI ÔAvivKvbÕ bvg e¨envi Ki‡Q), niKvZzj wRnv`, niKvZzj Bmjvg Avj-wRnv`, wnReyZ ZvInx`, wnReyZ Zvwni, Bmjvgx wecøex cwil`, BKZv`yj-Zvjvn Avj-gym‡jwgb, RvgvAvZzj gyRnv`xb evsjv‡`k (†RGgwe), RvMÖZ gymwjg RbZv (†RGgwR), Rqmx †gvnv¤§`, Rqmx ‡gv¯Ídv, Rw½ nvwKKZ, RvgvqvZzj dvjvBqv, RvgvqvZ-G-Bqvwnqv RygvZzj Avj mv`vÕZ, kvnv`vZ-G Avj-wnKgv, kvnv`Z-G-bey¨qZ, wnReyjøvn Bmjvgx mgvR, wnReyj gvnv`x, Be‡b `vqvZzj Avjgym‡jwgqv, RvwgqvwZ Bmjvwg mwjWvwiwU d«›U, †ivwnsMv BwÊ‡c‡Ûm †dvm©, ZvwdK nvigvwqb, †L`g‡Z Bmjvg, Bmjvûj gym‡jwgb, Bmjvgx wjev‡ikb UvBMvi, Zv-Avwgi-D`&-w`b, ZvIwnw` RbZv| Gme Rw½ msMVb¸‡jv we‡`wk Drm Ges †`‡ki wfZ‡ii †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ †_‡K Znwej msMÖn K‡i _v‡K|

†gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi DwjøwLZ g‡Wjmg~‡ni e¨e¯’vcbv-cwiPvjb †KŠkj mvaviY e¨emv‡qi bxwZ-‡KŠkj †_‡K A‡bK w`K †_‡K wfbœ | Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK g‡Wj cwiPvjb †KŠk‡ji Ab¨Zg K‡qKwU ˆewkó¨ wbgœiƒc: (1) cÖwZwU g‡WjB ivR‰bwZKfv‡e DØy× D”Pgvbm¤úbœ we‡klÁ KZ…©K ivR‰bwZK jÿ¨vR©‡b wb‡qvwRZ; (2) cÖwZwU g‡W‡j eû¯Íiwewkó e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq †hLv‡b wbw`©ó ¯Í‡ii g~j bxwZ-wba©viYx Kg©KvÊ ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i Aaxb¯’; (3) wewfbœ g‡W‡ji g‡a¨ †Kv-AwW©‡bkb _vK‡jI D”P”P‡ii †Kv-AwW©‡bUi‡`i ci¯úi cwiwPwZ h‡_ó †Mvcb ivLv nq (GK ai‡Yi †Mwijv hy‡×i iYbxwZ ejv P‡j); (4) cÖwZwU g‡WjB mymse×-myk„sLj (mvgwiK k„sLjvi Av`‡j) e¨w³Lv‡Zi cÖwZôvb; (5) †h †Kv‡bv g‡Wj hLbB Av_©-ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡b AwaK djcÖ` g‡b Kiv nq Zv h_vmva¨ `ªæZ Ab¨¯’v‡b ev¯ÍevwqZ Kiv nq| myZivs GK_v wbwØ©avq ejv P‡j †h †gŠjev`xiv Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡b ÒivóªÿgZv `L‡ji j‡ÿ¨Ó ivR‰bwZKfv‡e m¤ú~Y© m‡PZb Ges Zv ev¯Íevq‡b weÁvb‡K Zviv Zv‡`i gZ K‡i †X‡j mvRv‡Z m‡Pó| G †_‡K GI cÖZxqgvb nq †h †gŠjev`xi g~‡j Av‡Q fxwZ I Av‡eM| Avi G Av‡eM Av‡m µgea©gvb AmgZv †_‡K Z_vwc Gme Av‡eMvbyf~wZ †Kej †m‡K‡j Ges wcQyUvb bq eis Zviv m„Rbkxj Ges AvaywbKZvi aviK evnKI| myZivs GK_v wbwØ©avq ejv P‡j †h †gŠjev`xiv Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK g‡Wj ev¯Íevq‡b ÒivóªÿgZv `L‡ji j‡ÿ¨Ó ivR‰bwZKfv‡e m¤ú~Y© m‡PZb Ges Zv ev¯Íevq‡b †evgv weÁvb-Z_¨cÖhyw³ weÁvbmn gb¯ÍvwË¡K weÁvb‡K Zviv Zv‡`i gZ K‡i †X‡j mvRv‡Z m‡Pó|

g~j avivi ÔBmjvgÕ bvgvw¼Z ivR‰bwZK `jmg~‡ni mv‡_ †gŠjev`x R½x‡`i m¤úK© my¯úó; Avw_©K †jb‡`b †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB Zv cÖgvwYZ| m¤úÖwZ †`ke¨vcx e¨vcKfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ ÔRvgvqvZzj gyRvwn`xb evsjv‡`kÕ (†RGgwe) bv‡g GKwU agx©q DMÖev`x msMVb (17 AvM÷ 2005) †Rjv cÖkvmb Kvh©vjq Ges Av`vjZ cÖv½‡Y gvÎ 30 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ GKm‡½ 500 †evgv we‡õviY NwU‡q‡Q| G NUbvi ci GK‡kªYxi myPZzi e¨w³ nVvr K‡iB g~javiv ÔBmjvgxÕ `‡ji mv‡_ agx©q R½xev`x‡`i m¤úK© A¯^xKvi Kivi Ac‡Póv Pvjvq| nVvr m¤úK©nxb Kivi Zv‡`i GB Ac‡Póv Ges Ôc„_KÕ K‡i fveevi AccÖqvm †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cÖwZôv cvqwb wKsev cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| AwaKšÍ g~j ÔBmjvgxÕ `‡ji mv‡_ DMÖev`x‡`i m¤úK© AviI h‡_ó gvÎvq e„w× †c‡q‡Q| GUv nIqvi KviY nj: ïay mk¯¿ wRnv`xivB bq, g~j avivi ÔBmjvgxÕ `j I Zv‡`i cÖavb jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Ôivóª-ÿgZv `LjÕ, `jxq cªavb cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv K‡i‡Q †h, ÔBmjvgx AvBb Lye kxNÖB cÖwZwôZ n‡eÕ Ges A‡cÿv Kiæb Ges †`LybÕt wb‡`©kbv cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ _vKzb|Õ G‡`‡ki cÖavb Bmjvgx `j cÖKv‡k¨ GLbI bvg D‡jøL K‡i †evgv we‡ùviY Kg©KvÊ Ges †evgv wb‡ÿcKvix‡`i weiæ‡× †Zgb †Kv‡bv wb›`v Ávcb ev Zv‡`i gZ Ab¨ mev‡qi evwZj (†RGgwe) Kivi K_v e‡jwb| h‡_ó cÖgvY i‡q‡Q †h, †RGgweÕi †MÖdZvi nIqv mKj †bZv-Kg©xiv g~j avivi Bmjvg bvgvw¼Z ivR‰bwZK `j A_ev A_ev Zv‡`i QvÎ msMV‡bi m`m¨ wQj| †evgv nvgjv Kvh©µg‡K mdj K‡i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avw_©K †jb‡`b m¤úbœ n‡Zv ‡gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ mswkøó e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g Ges R½x‡`i cÖvq me gvgjv‡ZB Zv‡`i cÖkvmwbK cÖfve miKvwi cÖkvmbhš¿ e¨envi K‡i †MÖdZviK…Z R½x‡`i gy³ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk gvgjvi †ÿ‡ÎB Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨‡K mv_©K K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ †hLv‡bB Zviv e¨_© n‡q‡Q, Zviv ZvovZvwo K‡i †MÖdZvi nIqv mswkøó R½x‡K `j †_‡K ewn®‹vi K‡i‡Q| Gme wel‡q wewfbœ Lei Lye `ªæZ evsjv‡`‡ki mKj cÖavb ˆ`wbK msev`c‡Î cªKvk †c‡q‡Q| msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ Lei¸‡jv n‡”Q: cÖ_g Av‡jv 21 †m‡Þ¤^i 2005, wk‡ivbvgÐ ÔPÆMÖv‡g RvgvqvZ-G-BmjvgxÕi mv‡_ RwoZ cuvP †RGgwe †bZv †MÖdZvi; 1 jÿ 60 nvRvi UvKv Bmjvgx e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`b; w` †WBwj ÷vi 31 AvM÷ 2005Ð ÔGK eQ‡i `vZv‡`i Kv‡Q †_‡K 34wU Bmjvgx GbwRI `yBkZ †KvwU UvKvi †ewk mvnvh¨ †c‡q‡Q; †WBwj ÷vi 22 ‡m‡Þ¤^i 2005 ÔRvgvqvZ R½x m¤úK© GLb ¯úóÕ; B‡ËdvK 26 †m‡Þ¤^i 2005 ÔGK nvRv‡ii AwaK R½xi gyw³, G‡`i g‡a¨ 40% RvgvqvZ Bmjvgx `‡ji; †WBwj ÷vi 5 wW‡m¤^i 2005 Õ 29 b‡f¤^‡ii `yÕwU Av`vjZ cÖv½‡Y nZ¨vKvÊ NUvi gvÎ KÕw`b Av‡MB miKvi Kz‡qZx GbwRI wifvBfvj BmjvgxK †nwi‡UR †mvmvBwU (Avi AvB GBP Gm) bv‡gi GKwU kxl©¯’vbxq `vZv ms¯’v R½x‡`i Rb¨ †`qv cªvq 2 †KvwU UvKvi mvnvh¨ Qvo †`qvi Rb¨ m¤§wZ †`q|

A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib G †`‡k mk¯¿ R½xiv Zv‡`i Kg©KvÊ cwiPvj‡b mgy`q A_© we‡`k †_‡KB †c‡q _v‡K| G aviYv eûjvs‡k wg‡_¨ n‡Z cv‡i hw`I mg-gZv`kx© we‡`wk wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i mv‡_ Zv‡`i †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡Mi e¨emv-evwYR¨ Av‡Q| Avi †mB mv‡_ Zv‡`i wbqwš¿Z †emiKvwi ms¯’vmg~‡ni Aby`v‡bi eo Ask we‡`k †_‡KB Av‡m| ÒR½x‡`i me A_©B we‡`k †_‡K Av‡mÓ G K_v ejvi A_© GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h Avm‡j Avgiv Zv‡`i cÖK…Z kw³ Aeg~j¨vqb KiwQ| ÒR½x‡`i me A_©B we‡`k †_‡K Av‡mÓÐ G aviYv eûjvs‡k mZ¨ bq GRb¨ †h G †`‡k †gŠjev` B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zvi wbR¯^ A_©‰bwZK k³ wfZ ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| NUbvUv †hfv‡e N‡U‡Q Ges NU‡Q Zv nj GiKgÐ DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi evnK kw³wU wewfbœ `j-Dc`‡j wef³ n‡q wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ cwiPvj‡b 70-80-i `k‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y ˆe‡`wkK A_© mieivn †c‡q‡Q; Gme A_© m¤ú` Zviv mswkøó Av_©-ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôvb MV‡b wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q; AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB Zv‡`i wewb‡qvwRZ cÖwZôvb D”P gybvdv Ki‡Q; Avi G gybvdvi GKvsk Zviv e¨q Ki‡Q mvsMVwbK Kg©Kv‡Ê, GKvsk mswkøó cÖwZôvb cÖmv‡i, Avi GKvsk b~Zb LvZ-cÖwZôvb m„wó‡Z| mvsMVwbK Kg©Kv‡Ê gybvdvi e¨‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡Q ivR‰bwZK Kg©x‡`i †eZb fvZv, ˆ`bw›`b ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ cwiPvj‡b e¨q, Rbmfv Av‡qvR‡b e¨q, A¯¿ cªwkÿY †K›`ª cwiPvjbv Ges R½x Kg©KvÊ msMVb| R½x Kg©KvÊ wb‡q my¯úó Awf‡hvM Av‡Q †h G †`‡k †gŠjev`x‡`i 148-wU A¯¿ cÖwkÿY †K›`ª Av‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi GLb evwl©K bxU gybvdv AvbygvwbK 1200 †KvwU UvKv| G gybvdvi m‡ev©¯Í 27% Av‡m wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †_‡K hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q e¨vsK, exgv, wjwRs ‡Kv¤úvwb BZ¨vw`; wØZxq m‡e©v¯Í 20.8% Av‡m wewfbœ †emiKvwi ms¯’v †_‡K; evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb †_‡K Av‡m 10.8%; Jla wkí I WvqvMbw÷K †m›Uvimn ¯^v¯’¨ cÖwZôvb †_‡K Av‡m 10.4%; wkÿv cÖwZôvb †_‡K Av‡m 9.2%; wi‡qj G‡÷U e¨emv †_‡K Av‡m 8.3%, †hvMv‡hvM e¨emv †_‡K Av‡m 7.5%; Avi msev` gva¨g I Z_¨ cÖhyw&³ †_‡K Av‡m 5.8% (mviwY 3 `ªóe¨)| bxU gybvdvi G c¨vUvb© †ek Abygvb wbf©i n‡jI h‡_ó w`K wb‡`©kbvg~jKÐ A_©vr LvZ-cªwZôvbIqvwi †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi weKvk aviv wb‡`©‡k h‡_ó mnvqK| †mB mv‡_ †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi LvZ-cÖwZôvbIqvwi bxU gybvdvi †h KvVv‡gv †`Lv hvq Zv g~j †mªv‡Zi A_©bxwZi mv‡_ h‡_ó mvhyR¨c~Y©|

evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ hw` eQ‡i 1200 †KvwU UvKv bxU gybvdv m„wó K‡i _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î Avgv‡`i †`‡k A_©bxwZi mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKiY gvÎv hv †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi kw³-gvÎv wb‡`©k K‡iÐ n‡e wbgœiƒc: (1)†`‡ki †gvU evwl©K RvZxq wewb‡qv‡Mi (PjwZ g~‡j¨) 1.53% Gi mgcwigvY, (2) †`‡ki †gvU evwl©K †emiKvwi wewb‡qv‡Mi 2.1% Gi mgcwigvY, (3) miKv‡ii †gvU evwl©K ivR¯^ Av‡qi 3.3%Gi mgcwigvY, (4) †`‡ki evwl©K ißvbx Av‡qi 3.7% Gi mgcwigvY, (5) miKv‡ii †gvU evwl©K Dbœqb ev‡R‡Ui 6% Gi mgcwigvY, (6) miKv‡ii evwl©K Dbœqb ev‡R‡Ui Af¨šÍixY m¤ú‡`i 12% Gi mgcwigvY|

†mB mv‡_ weKvk-we¯Í…wZi m¤¢vebv wb‡`©‡k Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nj GB †h †h‡nZz †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZi cÖe„w×i nvi (evwl©K M‡o 7.5% †_‡K 9%) g~j avivi A_©bxwZi cÖe„w×i nvi (evwl©K M‡o 4.5% †_‡K 5%)-Gi Zzjbvq AwaK †m‡nZz A_©bxwZi mv¤úÖ`vwqKxKiY DË‡ivËi e„w× cv‡eÐ Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j G wel‡q wØgZ †cvl‡Yi Lye GKUv AeKvk †bB| A_©vr cÖeYZvUv Ggb †h g~javivi A_©bxwZi g‡a¨ †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ µgvš^‡q †ewk RvqMv `Lj Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j iv‡óªi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i Ask Avi miKv‡ii g‡a¨ Zv‡`i Ask e„w×‡Z †gŠjev`x A_©bxwZ mnvqK kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ I mswkøó R½xZ¡ †h ivóª‡KB †Rvi`Lj Ki‡Z Pvq G K_v wbwØ©avq ejv hvq G Rb¨ †h: (1) Zviv ¯^í I `xN© †gqv‡` m¤¢ve¨ D”P gybvdv AR©‡bi LvZmg~‡n wewb‡qvM Ki‡Q, A_©vr cvi‡jŠwKK Rxeb wb‡q †jŠwKKZvq Zviv hZB cvi`wk©Zv cÖ`k©b Kiæb bv †Kb Bn‡jŠwKK-cvw_©e Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zviv A‡b‡Ki †P‡q AwaKZi mRvM-m‡PZb; (2) Zviv ÷ªv‡UwRK wewb‡qv‡M AwaK Drmvwn; (3) wewb‡qv‡Mi LvZ wba©vi‡Y Zviv `ªæZ RbM‡Yi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ nevi †ÿÎ¸wj‡KB †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q; (4) Zv‡`i LvZ-cÖwZôvbwfwËK wewb‡qvM KvVv‡gv h‡_ó fvimvg¨c~Y©; (5) Zv‡`i evwl©K bxU gybvdvi gvÎ 10 kZvsk mvsMVwbK Kg©Kv‡Ê wewb‡qvM K‡i 5 jvL `jxq m`m¨ c~Y©Kvjxb wbhyw³ †`qv m¤¢eÐ Zviv †mUv K‡i Ges Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z µm-fZy©wK †`q; (6) miKvwi-†emiKvwi cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni ÷ªv‡UwRK Ae¯’v‡b DMÖ mv¤úª`vwqK g‡bvfvevcbœ K¨vWvi‡`i cwiKwíZfv‡e AšÍfy©w³i Rb¨ Zviv Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK ÿgZv Ace¨envi K‡i; Ges (7) mk¯¿ R½xiv GZB msMwVZ I kw³gvb †h R½xiv aiv co‡j Zv‡`i AvbyôvwbK ag©wfwËK ivR‰bwZK `j Ges ÿgZvi wfZ‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kw³ Zv‡`i †Q‡o †`evi Rb¨ cÖkvmwbK I ivóªÿgZv AccÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î A`„k¨ kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i jÿ¨ AR©‡b mÿg nq; wPwýZ R½x‡`i a‡i †Q‡o w`‡Z nq; Avi Zv‡`i wbqš¿K MW-dv`viiv m¤ú~Y© aiv †Quuuvqvi evB‡iB †_‡K hvq|

evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev`x‡`i wbqš¿‡Y Av‡Q AvbygvwbK 231wU †emiKvwi ms¯’v| Gme ms¯’v-cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿÐ wewfbœfv‡e R½xev`x Kg©Kv‡Êi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| A‡bK¸‡jvB mivmwi R½x mswkøó Kg©Kv‡Ê wb‡qvwRZ| G‡`i Kg©KvÊ cwiPvj‡bi Avw_©K Drm †`k I we‡`k DfqB| Af¨šÍixY Drm nj D‡jøwLZ Avw_©K LvZ-cªwZôvbwfwËK Kg©KvÊ D™¢~Z bxU gybvdv| Avi we‡`wk Dr‡mi A_© A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB Zviv mivmwi †c‡q _v‡Kb, hvi wn‡me cËi miKvwi bw_ c‡Î Abycw¯’Z| Gme †jb‡`‡b AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB e¨envi Kiv nq wb‡R‡`i wbqš¿Yvaxb Avw_©K cÖwZôvb| B`vwbs (weMZ miKv‡ii Avg‡j) GgbI †`Lv †M‡Q †h R½xev`x mk¯¿ Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ e‡j †Kv‡bv †emiKvwi ms¯’v‡K wPwýZ Kivi c‡iI H ms¯’vi bv‡g A‡bK UvKvi evnK-†PK cvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| †gŠjev`x‡`i wbqš¿Yvaxb †emiKvwi ms¯’vi cÖv_wgK jÿ¨ RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ ms¯’vi cøvUdg©‡K e¨envi Kiv Ges cieZx©‡Z Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK G‡RÛvi mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK ¯^v‡_©i mw¤§jb NUv‡bv| G‡`‡k g~j avivq †emiKvwi ms¯’viv hLb bvixi ÿgZvqb mswkøó D‡`¨vM wb‡”Qb ZLb †gŠjev`x †emiKvwi ms¯’vivI wcwQ‡q †bB, Z‡e Zviv ej‡Qb Òbvixi ÿgZvqb n‡Z n‡e c`©vi AšÍiv‡jÓ, Òbvixi ÿgZvqb n‡Z n‡e ¯^vgxi cv‡qi wb‡PÐ KviY ILv‡bB †e‡nkZÓ| †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡YB bvixiv we‡klZ: `wi`ª bvixiv †gŠjev`x †emiKvwi ms¯’v‡`i Ab¨Zg cÖavb Uv‡M©U|

†gŠjev‡`i A_©‰bwZK wfwË wbY©‡qi m‡ev©Ëg ÔweKí gvb`ÊÕ wn‡m‡e ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê agx©q DMÖZvev‡`i m¤ú„³Zv I e¨vcKZv‡K we‡ePbvq Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i| MZ cuvP eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡k G ai‡bi agx©q DMÖZvev‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq µgea©gvb cwieZ©bkxj GK wPÎ (mviwY 4 `ªóe¨)| hvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q Ôjy°vwqZ †_‡K cÖKvk¨Õ c×wZ, ÔGK gyLxÕ nvwZqv‡ii cwie‡Z© eûgyLx weaŸsmx †evgv e¨enviÕ| Gm‡ei we‡køl‡Y agx©q DMÖZvev`x‡`i my`~icÖmvix wKQy D‡Ïk¨ ¯úó n‡q I‡V:

1. iv‡óªi KZ©„Z¡ `L‡ji gva¨‡g ms¯‹…wZ avivq cwieZ©b Avbv hv Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg g~j D‡Ïk¨| G Rb¨ Zv‡`i Avµg‡bi cÖavb jÿ¨ miKvwi cÖkvmb hš¿ Ges mswkøó e¨w³eM© (†hgb: †Rjv cÖkvmK), a‡g©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ bq Ggb mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©KvÊ †hgb w_‡qUvi, cÖÿvM„n, Rbmgv‡ek, KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi, mywd-mgvwa¯’j, jvB‡eªixmn wePvi wefvM (Av`vjZ)|

2. ivóªxq ÿgZvq MYZvwš¿K I ag©wbi‡cÿ miKvi Avmxb _vK‡j G ai‡bi mš¿vmx cÖeYZv nªvm cvq|

3. Wvbcš’x ev ag©wbf©i `‡ji miKvi ÿgZvmxb n‡j we¯Ívi N‡U G‡`i mš¿vmx ZrciZv|

4. Zv‡`i G AcZrciZv evavMÖ¯Í bv n‡j mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ DË‡ivËi e„w× cv‡e| ÿgZvi fvMvfvwM‡Z Zv‡`i f~wgKv bv _vK‡jI G aviv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| †Kv‡bv miKvi hw` ÿgZv AvuK‡o _vK‡Z Pvq, DMÖev`xiv ZLb Zv‡`i Ôkw³ mvg_©‡K kvwbZ K‡iÕ|

evsjv‡`‡k †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ I mswkøó ivRbxwZi weZ…wZ I m¤¢vebv cÖm‡½ Av‡iv wKQy K_v ejv cÖvmw½K e‡j g‡b Kwi| 1971-Gi gyw³hy× cieZx©Kv‡j ¯^vaxbZvi weRq wb‡q Avgiv h‡_ó gvÎvq AvZ¥Zzó wQjvg| m½Z KviYI wQj| RvwZ wn‡m‡e Avgiv GBB cÖ_g †`Ljvg †h MYZš¿, RvwZqZvev`, mgvRZš¿, ag©wbi‡cÿZvÐ G Pvi g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z †`kMVb I ivóª cwiPvwjZ n‡e| g~j †mªv‡Zi agx©q †PZbv hw` D`vi‰bwZK I gvbeZvev`x n‡q _v‡K Ges Zv eskci¤úiv gvbm-KvVv‡gv‡Z AšÍf©y³ n‡q _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î ivóª MV‡bi H Pvi g~jbxwZI Avgv‡`i myß AvKv•Lvi mv‡_ m¤ú~Y© mvhyR¨c~Y© wQj| Avgv‡`i AvZ¥Zzwói KviY GI n‡Z cv‡i †h m¤¢eZ: Z…Zxq we‡k¦ Ges we‡klZ gymwjg cÖavb †`kmg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvgivB cÖ_g, hviv ag©wbi‡cÿZv‡K (secularism, ag©nxbZv bq) msweav‡b (1972-Gi) AšÍf©y³ K‡iwQjvg (Aek¨ c‡i Zv evwZj n‡Z n‡Z ÔBmjvg nB‡e ivóªag©Õ-‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q)| Avgv‡`i myß B”Qv-AvKv•Lvi Kv¸‡R cÖKvk-G Avgiv mš‘ó wQjvg| wKš‘ agx©q DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqK kw³ (hv‡`i ÿgv K‡i Avgiv Bmjvg a‡g©i g~j †mªv‡Zi evnK cwiMwYZ n‡Z cvwi) cwi®‹vi eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv †h ivóª †hfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q Zv‡Z gvby‡li Rxe‡b †gŠwjK †Kv‡bv cweeZ©b NU‡e bv; Zviv fwel¨r cÖ‡ÿcY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv †h G gvbylB K‡qKeQ‡ii g‡a¨ Pjgvb †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ †gvnnxb n‡e, Avi G my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡`i (gyw³msMÖv‡g civwRZ‡`i) weRq wbwðZ n‡e| mgmvgwqKKv‡j cÖMwZi MwZ G¸‡jv wX‡g Zv‡j Avi Zviv jÿ¨vR©‡b †RviK`‡g A_P †ek †Mvc‡b G¸evi me cÖ¯ÍywZ m¤úbœ Ki‡jvÐ†hgb, MÖvg †_‡K kni `Lj; Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cÖK…Z ivR‰bwZK cwiwPwZ †Mvcb ivLv BZ¨vw`| †h cÖ¯ÍywZi djkÖæwZB n‡jv MÖvg `Lj (wWc wUDeI‡qj‡Kw›`ªK mwgwZ, K…lK mwgwZ, gmwR`-gv`ªvmvÐ gva¨g hvB †nvK bv †Kb), ag© cÖwZôv‡b GK”QÎ Ae¯’vb, ivóªxq cÖwZôvb `Lj, A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ‡Kw›`ªK cÖwZôvb `Lj, Avi †emiKvwi ms¯’vi bv‡g e¨vcKfv‡e MÖvg I kn‡ii ¯^íweË-`wi`ª gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb MÖnY I Zv my`„pKiY| G †KŠkj Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z †gŠjev‡`i A_©‰bwZK cÖwZôvbg~n †hgb wba©viK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q †Zgwb G †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi d‡j Hme cÖwZôvbI kw³kvjx n‡q‡Q| G wbwi‡L agx©q †gŠjev`x mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi †bZ…Z¡ hZ bv fveev`x Zvi †P‡q A‡bK ¸Y †ewk ev¯Íeev`x¯Íe¯Íyev`x| MZ Aa© kZvãxi G cÖwµqvq GLb Zv‡`i AR©bUv Ggb †h GKw`‡K cÖwZwU RvZxq msm` Avm‡b Zviv M‡o 10,000-15,000 †fvU msMÖ‡n mÿg Avi Ab¨w`‡K wbev©P‡b †KvwU UvKvi Kv‡jv UvKv I cÖ‡qvRbxq †ckx kw³ mieiv‡ni ÿgZvI Zv‡`i GLb Av‡Q| Avi Ab¨w`‡K Zviv GLb gvÎ 30 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B AwZ D”PgvÎvi †mbv-myÿZvmn mviv †`‡k mk¯¿ Kg©KvÊ cwiPvj‡b Ges KíbvZxZ nZ¨vhÁ mva‡b mÿg| RbMY evav bv w`‡j Zviv Zv Aek¨B Ki‡e, Zvi cybive„wË n‡e Ges Gm‡ei ZxeªZv I ÿwZgvÎv evo‡Z _vK‡e| G †Kv‡bv `ye©j cÖwZcÿ bq| G cÖwZcÿ wewfbœfv‡e AvšÍm¤úwK©Z I †KŠkwjK mymsMwVZ (QK-2 `ªóe¨)|

†`k c‡o‡Q GK RwUj Ae¯’vq| G GK `yóPµ †hLv‡b A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK `ye„Ë©vq‡bi mv‡_ GLb hy³ n‡q‡Q mv¤úÖ`vwqK mk¯¿ R½xev`| G R½xev` AZx‡Z Zv‡`i R½xZ¡ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q wew”Qbœ-wewÿßfv‡e| Avi GLb Ae¯’v`„‡ó g‡b n‡”Q †h Zv AZ¨šÍ cwiKwíZ Ges h‡_ó †KŠkwjK; cÖvq cÖwZw`bB Zviv Zv‡`i mk¯¿ kw³ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q Ges cÖwZw`bB Zviv bxwin gvbyl nZ¨v Ki‡Q; Zv‡`i †evgvq B‡Zvg‡a¨ eû bxwin gvbyl wPiZ‡i c½y n‡q‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq, G cÖwµqvq AvZ¥NvwZ †evgviæ wn‡m‡e hv‡`i e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q Zv‡`i cÖvq mK‡jB `wi`ª-wbgœweË cwiev‡ii †eKvi gvbyl Ges cÖvq mK‡jB AvbyôvwbK gv`ªvmv wkÿvjq †_‡K G‡m‡Qb Ges cÖvq mK‡jB GKwU ag©wfwËK ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Abymvwi| Avi eo ai‡Yi mk¯¿ R½xZ¡ cÖ`k©b Ki nVvr mgq ey‡S †ek wKQy w`b NvcwU †g‡i _vK‡ZI Zviv cvi`kx©| hy‡×i me †KŠkjB Zviv h‡_ó iß K‡i‡Q| Zviv Rv‡b ÒKLbI KLbI hy‡× wcwQ‡q Avmv civR‡qi jÿY bq, Zv R‡qiI c~e©kZ©Ó|

DMÖ R½xev` GLb †h ÒAvZ¥NvwZ †evgv ms¯‹…wZÓ Pvjy K‡i‡Q Zvi d‡j RvZx-ag©-eY©-abx-wba©b wbwe©‡k‡l †`‡ki mKj gvby‡li RxebB GLb wecbœ| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqK R½xev`-D™¢yZ wecbœZvi wKQy b~Zb gvÎv jÿYxq: (1) G R½xZ¡ †`‡ki Drcv`bkxj LvZmg~‡ni Òmieivn †PBbÓ †f‡½ †d‡j Drcv`b-eÈb-cwi‡fvM-Gi ¯^vfvweK wm‡óg‡KB †f‡½ †djvi my`~i cÖmvix-Amr cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| (2) G R½xZ¡ GLb †`‡ki MÖvgvÂj, ÿz`ª kni I kniZjx‡Z Zv‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi gva¨‡g fq-fxwZ m„wó Ki‡Q- hvi d‡j †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i g~j BwÄb ÿz`ª I gvSvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi Kg©KvÊ web‡ói gva¨‡g cy‡iv A_©bxwZ‡K bx‡P †_‡K †f‡½ †dj‡Z Pvq| (3) G R½xZ¡ Zv‡`i KgK©vÊ w`‡q Ggb GK Gvm m„wô K‡i‡Q hLb †h †Kvb mgq MÖv‡gi nvUevRvi mÜ¨vi c‡i eÜ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| djZt MÖv‡gi evRv‡i mÜ¨vi c‡i mvi, wW‡Rj, exRmn Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ eÜ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| hvi d‡j AvksKv Kiv hvq †h MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡Z gRyZ`vix evo‡Q/evo‡e Ges A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i MwZ iƒ× n‡”Q/n‡e| jÿ¨Yxq †h MZ eQi Zviv GmeB Ki‡Q ÔÔkx‡Zi km¨ †gŠmy‡gÓ †h †gŠmyg A_©bxwZ‡Z A‡cÿvK…Z AwaK cÖe„w× mnvqK| d‡j G AvksKv Av‡Q †h GKw`‡K †hgb MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡Z Kv‡jvevRvix-gRyZ`vix e„w×i d‡j µgvš^‡q RbRxeY AwaKZi `ywe©ln n‡e, Avi Ab¨w`‡K G Ae¯’v‡KB Avevi R½xiv Zv‡`i R½xZ¡ Av‡iv evov‡bvi hyw³ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡e|

(4) G R½xZ¡ mgM« †`‡k fq-fxwZ cÖ`kb© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †h nv‡i AvZ¥NvwZ †evgv e¨envi Ki‡Q I Ki‡e Zvi d‡j †`kR wewb‡qvM AbyrmvwnZ n‡q‡Q/n‡e| Avi †`kR wewb‡qvM AbyrmvwnZ n‡j we‡`wk wewb‡qvM AwaKZi AbyrmvwnZ n‡e| G Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _vK‡j †kl ch©šÍ wewb‡qvMnxb GK A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v m„wó n‡e hLb †f‡½ co‡e mgMÖ A_©bxwZ-e¨e¯’v| Avi G ai‡bi Ae¯’v m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡j ivóªÿgZv `Lj Am¤¢e bq|

mv¤úÖ`vwqK †gŠjev`x ivRbxwZ †Kv‡bv `ye©j cÖwZcÿ bq G R‡b¨I †h Zviv Bmjv‡gi gyjgš¿ cwiZ¨vM K‡i ÒA_©‰bwZK ÿgZvwfwËK ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqvÓ-†K ivR‰bwZK †KŠkj wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvi †Póv Ki‡Q| ag©‡K eg© wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i ivóªÿgZv `L‡ji G †KŠkj Avm‡j a‡g©i ‚mythos…-Gi mv‡_ ev¯Í‡ei ‚logos…-Gi mw¤§j‡bi GK AvaywbK c×wZ gvÎ (†Lv‡gwb c×wZ)| G c×wZ‡Z ag©‡K ÒivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©Ó iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡”Q| ag©wfwËK G ivR‰bwZK gZv`k© agx©q d¨vwmev`x ivóª cÖwZôvi c~e©kZ©| G c×wZ‡Z

- GKw`‡K ejv n‡e Bmjv‡g bvix †bZ…Z¡ A¯^xK„Z, Avi Ab¨w`‡K miKv‡i RvqMv †c‡j bvix †bZ…‡Z¡ Amywe‡a †bB; - GKw`‡K ejv n‡e Bmjv‡g my` nvivg, Avi Ab¨ w`‡K Zv‡`i KZ©„Z¡vaxb cÖwZôv‡b wfbœbv‡g PzwU‡q my` †L‡j Amywe‡a †bB; - GKw`‡K †hgb cweÎ †Kvivb-nvw`Q h‡_”Q e¨envi Kiv n‡e, Avi Ab¨w`‡K UvKv-cqmv w`‡q cÖjyä K‡i gvbyl‡K Zv‡`i Rbmfvq Avbv n‡e; - GKw`‡K ejv n‡e Bmjv‡g gvbyl nZ¨v-AvZ¥nZ¨v gnvcvc, Avi Ab¨w`‡K ejv n‡e Bmjvgx ûKzgZ Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ wbixn gvbyl nZ¨vB †Rnv`; - GKw`‡K ejv n‡e Bmjv‡g g`¨ cvb nvivg, Avi Ab¨w`‡K Zviv miKv‡ii Askx`vi n‡j g‡`i ïé Kg‡j Zv‡`i Amywe‡a †bB; - GKw`‡K ejv n‡e gvwK©b hy³ivóª Bmjvg we‡ivax, Avi Ab¨w`‡K miKv‡ii Askx`vi nevi mg‡q Biv‡K gvwK©b AvMÖvmb Rv‡qR; - GKw`‡K ejv n‡e fviZ kÎæ ivóª, Avi Ab¨w`‡K miKv‡ii gš¿x _vKvKv‡j fvi‡Zi mv‡_ Ab¨vh¨ Pzw³ ¯^vÿ‡i Amywe‡a †bB|

mewKQy wg‡j welqwU `uvwo‡q‡Q GK K_vq GiKg: ¯^vaxbZv I gy³ wPšÍvi cÖwZcÿ mv¤úª`vwqK †gŠjev`x R½x kw³ Rv‡b Zviv wK Pvq, wecix‡Z Avgiv Rvwb bv Avgiv wK PvB; Iiv Rv‡b a‡g©i ‚mythos… Avi ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi ‚logos…-Gi mgš^‡q †Kgb K‡i Zv AR©b Ki‡e, wecix‡Z Avgiv Rvwb bv; Iiv Zv‡`i jÿ¨vR©‡b mymsMwVZ, Avgiv AmsMwVZ; jÿ¨vR©‡b I‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wØav-Ø›Ø †bB, wecix‡Z Avgv‡`i wØav Av‡Q; Iiv a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q Lyb-Lvivwemn hv wKQy Ki‡Q Zv Zviv Mfxifv‡e wek¦vm K‡i, Avi Avgiv wb‡R‡`i cÖwZ wek¦vm nvwi‡qwQ e‡j g‡b nq; µgea©gvb ‰elg¨, `vwi`ª, eÂbv, Ges hye mgv‡Ri †eKviZ¡ nZvkv‡K Iiv msKxY© ¯^v‡_© Kv‡R jvMv‡Z wm×n¯Í, Avi Avgiv Ò`wi`ª gvbyl-hye †eKvi-nZvkvÓ-i weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb msMÖvg Gwo‡q P‡jwQ| Avgv‡`i A¯^”QZv, A‰bK¨ I wbw®ŒqZv I‡`i wfZ kw³‡Z mnvqK n‡”Q|

†gŠjev`x R½xZ¡ I mv¤úÖ`vwqKZv †iv‡a Amv¤úÖ`vwqK gvby‡li H‡K¨i weKí †bB

Bmjvg ag©mn wewfbœ ag© cÖPv‡i HwZnvwmKfv‡e †Kv_vI hy×weMÖn, †Kv_vI kvwšÍc~Y© c_ Avevi †Kv_vI G `yÕ‡qi wgwkªZ c‡_i f~wgKv Rvbv Av‡Q| jÿYxq †h †hLv‡bB hy×-Zievwi‡K ag© cÖPv‡ii gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB nq ivRZš¿ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q bqZ ev hy×s‡`nx ivóª cwiPvjb c×wZ †Ru‡K e‡m‡Q| wKš‘ †hLv‡bB A‡cÿvK…Z kvwšÍc~Y© c‡_ `xN©Kvj ag© cÖPvi GwM‡q‡QÐ †hgb Avgv‡`i †`‡k Iwj- AvIwjqv-mywd-mvaKivÐ †mLv‡b ag©wfwËK DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ KLbI k³ wfZ cvqwb| D‡ëv hLbB ag©‡K ivóª cwiPvj‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨env‡i †Póv n‡q‡Q ZLbB Zv evavi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| KviY G †`‡k kvwšÍc~Y© c‡_ ag© cÖPvi I ag© cvj‡bi d‡j gvbyl eskci¤úiv ag©fxiæ n‡q‡Qb wKš‘ eK-avwg©K ev ag©vÜ nbÕwb| A_©vr a‡g©i g~j aviYvwU G‡ÿ‡Î mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi wecix‡Z eûjvs‡k mv¤úÖ`vwqK m¤úÖxwZi evnb n‡q‡Q| Avi †m Kvi‡YB †gŠjev‡`i A_©bxwZ G †`‡k hZB kw³kvjx †nvK bv †Kb, H A_©bxwZi kw³ e¨envi K‡i ivR‰bwZK ÿgZv `Lj m¤¢e n‡e bv|

G‡ÿ‡Î K‡qKwU D`vniY †ek cÖvmw½K n‡Z cv‡i: (1) G †`‡k kÎæ I Awc©Z m¤úwË AvB‡b 60 jvL wn›`y ag©vejw¤^ gvby‡li †h 78 jvL weNv m¤úwËmn Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú` MÖvm Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv MÖvm K‡i‡Qb gvÎ 0.4% gymjgvb (MÖvmKvixiv mevB hw` gymjgvb nb) Ð A_©vr 99.6% gymjgvb wfbœ a‡g©i gvby‡li m¤ú` †Rvi`L‡ji mv‡_ m¤ú„³ bb| A‡b‡KB wKš‘ GUv wn›`y-ebvg gymjgvb mgxKi‡Y iƒcvšÍ‡ii AccÖqvm Pvjvb; (2) evMgvivq DMÖ-R½x †gŠjev`Ð evsjvfvB‡KÐ ZrKvjxb ivóªhš¿ hZB g`Z w`K bv †KbÐ GjvKvi gvbylB wKš‘ †RvUe×fv‡e R½xZ¡ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i‡QÐ g~j ag©-†Mvwôi Amv¤úÖ`vwqK myß †PZbvi G-GK ¯úó ewntcÖKvk; (3) 1985 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi RMbœv_ n‡ji Qv` †f‡½ covi c‡i XvKv †gwW‡Kjmn Ab¨vb¨ nvmcvZv‡j wn›`y agv©ejw¤^ AvnZ QvÎ‡`i Rxeb evuPv‡Z i³ `v‡b ag©eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mevB †hfv‡e GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jbÐ Zv wbðqB Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi Acvi kw³‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i; (4) Bmjvg a‡g©i cwRwUf wWGbG-i evnK G †`‡ki GKRb mvaviY gymjgvbI wK myBmvBW †evgvevR‡`i Kg©KvÊ mg_©b K‡ib? bv wK cÖvq mK‡jB g‡b K‡ib †h GmeB a‡g©i bv‡g Mfxi lohš¿g~jK Aa‡g©i KvR?

GZ wKQyi c‡iI, ÒAvZ¥Zyó n‡q e‡m _vK‡j wec` †bBÓÐ GgbwU fveevi hyw³m½Z †Kv‡bv KviY †bB| KviY welqwU Mfxifv‡e ivR‰bwZKÐ fwel¨r eskai‡`i Rb¨ cÖvMÖmi cwi‡ek m„wói| AZGe jovBwUI ivR‰bwZK| †gŠjev`x R½x‡Z¡i wfZ †h cwigv‡Y we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q I Ki‡Q Zv‡Z jovBUv n‡Z n‡e me©e¨vcx eûgvwÎK I eû‡Kw›`ªK| G jovB AbMÖmi gvbm-KvVv‡gvi weiæ‡× cÖMwZi jovB| G jovB mywd-mvaK-Ijvgv‡`i Rb¨ gvbeZvwe‡ivax mv¤úÖ`vwqKZvi weiæ‡× Bmjvg a‡g©i D`vi‰bwZK gvbeZvev`x aviv mgybœZ Kivi jovB| myZivs G jovB‡q GKw`‡K Bmjvg a‡g©i DMÖ mv¤úÖ`vwqK msKxY© avivi †gvKv‡ejvq gvbeKj¨vYKvgx mywd-Djvgv avivi cÖe³v‡`iÐ hviv HwZnvwmKfv‡eB g~j avivi cÖe³vÐ gvbeKj¨v‡Y msNe× nIqv cÖ‡qvRb Avi Ab¨w`‡K Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi jvjb Ges gy³ wPšÍv I ¯^vaxbZvi wfwË cÖmvi wbwgË RbKj¨vYKvgx ivóª e¨e¯’vB n‡Z cv‡i AbvKvwOÿZ †gŠjev`x A_©bxwZ I mswkøó ivR‰bwZK R½x‡Z¡i wfwËg~j `ye©j Kivi GKgvÎ c_|

†gŠjev`x mk¯¿ R½xZ¡ Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †h iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q Zv †_‡K Avwg AšÍZ: wbwðZ †h ÒG gyn~‡Z© me mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡q hv‡eÓÐ GgbwU fve‡j ev¯Íe mZ¨ A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡e, Avi Zv n‡Z cv‡i D”Q¡vm-D™¢~Z HwZnvwmK weåvwšÍiI KviY| myZivs gnvwech©q †iv‡a Avï (¯^í †gqvw`) I `xN©‡gqvw` mgvav‡bi c_ AbymÜvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mv¤úÖ`vwqK R½xZ¡ GLbB wbg~©j m¤¢e bq KviY †h wfwËi Ici †m `uvwo‡q Av‡Q Zv K‡qKw`‡b †f‡½ †djv hv‡e bv| ev¯Í‡e hv m¤¢e Zv nj ÒÿwZ nªv‡miÓ †KŠkj `ªæZ ev¯Íevqb Kiv| ¯^í †gqvw` mgvavb wn‡m‡e ÔÿwZ nªvm †KŠkjÓ n‡Z cv‡i GKB mv‡_ K‡qKwU KvR Kiv: (1) R½x‡`i A_© I A‡¯¿i Drm m¤ú‡K© miKv‡ii hv wKQy Rvbv Av‡Q Zv AwZ `ªæZ MYgva¨‡g cÖKvk-cÖPvi Kiv; (2) R½x‡`i A_© I A‡¯¿i Drmg~L eÜ Kiv; mswkøó m¤ú` ev‡Rqvß Kiv; (3) R½x Kg©Kv‡Êi mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿ-c‡ivÿfv‡e RwoZ mevB‡K aiv Ges `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ mew`K †_‡K miKv‡ii Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv; (4) miKv‡ii g‡a¨B hviv R½xZ¡-cª‡gvUvi Zv‡`i‡K miKvi †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kiv †Rvi`vi Kiv; (5) ag©wfwËK mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ wbwl× †NvlYvi Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg †Rvi`vi Kiv; (6) e¨vcK RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ R½x‡`i cÖK…Z †Pnviv-jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ D‡¤§vP‡b wmwiqvm cÖPvig~jK Kg©KvÊ Kiv hv‡Z RbMYB G cÖwµqvq ¯^ZtùzZ© AskMÖnY K‡ib BZ¨vw`| Avi `xN©‡gqvw` mgvavb n‡Z cv‡i GKwUÐ Zv n‡jv †`‡k Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK ˆelg¨ we‡jvcmn Amv¤úÖ`vwqK gvbm KvVv‡gv cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ ivR‰bwZK A½xKvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv| ¯^í I `xN©‡gqvw` Dfq jÿ¨ ev¯Íevq‡b Amv¤úÖ`vwqK mKj gvby‡li m‡PZb H‡K¨i †Kv‡bvB weKí †bB|

†gŠjev`x A_©bxwZ I mswkøó R½xev`x mv¤úÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ DfqB cðvrc`| myZivs cðvrc`Zv AcmviY I cÖMwZ wbwðZKi‡Y gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^c‡ÿi mKj Amv¤úÖ`vwqK I gvbe wn‰Zwl kw³i my`„p H‡K¨i †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †`‡ki e¨vcK Rb‡Mvwôi `vwi`ª `~i bv K‡i Ges µgea©gvb ˆelg¨ wejyß bv K‡i ag©xq R½xZ¡ wPi¯’vqxfv‡e †iva Kiv hv‡e bv| G Rb¨ G gyn~‡Z©B cÖ‡qvRb †`k‡cÖwgK mvnmx †bZ…Z¡ I RbM‡Yi ¯^Ztù~Z© AskMÖnY| Avgv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv, GKwU ˆelg¨nxb Amv¤úÖ`vwqK evsjv‡`k hv wQj gyw³hy‡×i g~j A½xKvi| 0

		The Daily Ittefaq - Established: 24th December, 1953. Privacy Policy \| Feedback \| Contact Us