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AviI cvwb †kvabvMvi PvB
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µq ÿgZv evov‡bvi g‡a¨B Lv`¨µq I Lv`¨ NvUwZ †gvKv‡ejv m¤¢e
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AvR 9 A‡±vei wek¦ WvK w`em| BD‡iv‡ci 22wU †`‡ki cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b 1874 wLª÷v‡ãi GB w`‡b myBRvij¨v‡Ûi evb© kn‡i MwVZ nq Ô†Rbv‡ij †cv÷vj BDwbqbÕ| jÿ¨ n‡jvÐwe‡k¦i cÖwZwU †`‡ki g‡a¨ WvK Av`vb-cÖ`vb‡K AwaKZi mnR I mg„×kvjx Kivi ga¨ w`‡q wek¦Rbxb cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM‡K mymsnZ Kiv| GK mgq GB †Rbv‡ij †cv÷vj BDwbqb BDwbfvm©vj †cv÷vj BDwbqb ev BDwcBD bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| evsjv‡`k 1973 wLª÷v‡ãi 7 †deªæqvwi IB ms¯’vi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e AšÍfz©³ nq| eZ©gv‡b GB ms¯’vi m`m¨ msL¨v 191| BDwbfvm©vj †cv÷vj BDwbq‡bi myev‡` mgMÖ wek¦ AvR GK I Awfbœ WvK e¨e¯’vi AvIZvaxb| wek¦ WvK ms¯’vi cÖwZôvevwl©Kx Dcj‡ÿ Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki g‡Zv Avgv‡`i †`‡kI miKvix D‡`¨v‡M mvov¤^‡i 9 A‡±vei cvjb Kiv nq wek¦ WvK w`em| Gev‡ii wek¦ WvK w`e‡mi cÖwZcv`¨ welq wek¦ WvK †bUIqvK©t mv‡_ _vKzb| †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂje¨vcx Awew”Qbœ †bUIqvK© m„wói gva¨‡g WvK †mev‡K e¨vcK MYgvby‡li nv‡Zi bvMv‡j †cuŠQv‡bvi wbišÍi ZvwM`‡K AviI e¨Äbvq cwiùyU‡bi Av‡gR wb‡q evsjv‡`k WvK wefv‡Mi †mev Kvh©µg wek¦ WvK w`e‡mi cÖv°v‡j m‡e©v”P Pv½v nq| bvbvgyLx cwiKíbv, Av‡qvRb I c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwZeQi wek¦ WvK w`em mv_©Kfv‡e D`hvcb Kiv nq| gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZi Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq GKwesk kZvãxi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq we‡k¦i Acivci †`‡ki g‡Zv MÖvnK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Avgv‡`i WvK wefvMI Abe`¨ f‚wgKv cvj‡b mgvbZv‡j GwM‡q Pj‡Q| MÖvnK mšÍywói j‡ÿ¨ WvK †mevq eûgvwÎKZv m„wó‡Z KZ…©cÿ m`v Zrci| GLb cÖ‡qvRb ïay WvK wefv‡Mi KvQ †_‡K m‡e©vËg †mev MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ RbMY‡K cÖ¯‘Z _vKv|
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Kv‡RB Lye `ªæZ me wKQy e`‡j hvIqvi G‡nb hvwš¿K RxebvPi‡Y Avgiv †iveU n‡q MÇvwjKvi †mªv‡Z †hb Mv fvwm‡q bv †`B| ZvB Avmyb, g‡bi AvKzwZ Avi Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZ‡K jvjb Kivi ga¨ w`‡q Avgv‡`i Avengvb ms¯‹…wZi cwiPq‡K a‡i ivLvi AvcÖvY †Póv Kwi| GRb¨ wbqwgZ wPwV †jLvi †Kvb weKí †bB| myZivs wb‡R wjwL Ges Ab¨‡K wPwV wjL‡Z Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMvB| wPwVi g‡a¨ †mœn, †cÖg, fvjevmv I gvqv-ggZvi m¤úK© AÿzYœ ivwL| WvKwcq‡bi Szwji g‡a¨ Lyu‡R wdwi Avcbvi-Avgvi KvwOÿZ wPwVLvwb| AveviI wPwV †jLvi Af¨vm m„wó K‡i wbR¯^ MwÊ †cwi‡q †fЇMvwjK MwÊi g‡a¨I M‡o Zzwj †mŠnv‡`©¨i †mZyeÜb I wek¦åvZ…Z¡ÐGev‡ii wek¦ WvK w`e‡m GUvB †nvK Avgv‡`i mevi cÖZ¨vkv|
G †K Gg gbœvb Kexi
¯§iY: wewkó mvwnwZ¨K I wkÿvwe` W. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb
W. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb| GKvav‡i mvwnwZ¨K, wkÿvwe`, m½xZÁ I `vevo y| mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡mex wn‡m‡e wZwb we‡klfv‡e L¨vZ| AvR 9 A‡±vei| wewkó mvwnwZ¨K I wkÿvwe` W. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡m‡bi 26Zg g„Zz¨evwl©Kx| 1981 mv‡ji G w`‡b wZwb XvKvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb 1897 mv‡ji 30 RyjvB Kzwóqv †Rjvi KzgviLvjx‡Z gvZzjvj‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg KvRx MIniDÏxb Avng`| 1915 mv‡j Kzwóqv nvB¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M gva¨wgK, ivRkvnx K‡jR †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M 14Zg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i D”P gva¨wgK cixÿvq DËxY© nb| Gici XvKv K‡jR †_‡K c`v_© weÁv‡b Abvm© cvm K‡ib| AZtci KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1921 mv‡j GgGmwm cvm Kivi Av‡MB becÖwZwôZ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_© weÁvb wefv‡M cÖ`k©K (†W‡gv‡b‡÷ªUi) wbhy³ nb| 1923 mv‡j G wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix cÖfvlK c‡` †hvM †`b|
1938 mv‡j wZwb KjKvZvi BwÛqvb ÷¨vwUmwUK¨vj BÝwUwUD‡U fwZ© nb| GKB m‡½ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q MwY‡Z GgG co‡Z _v‡Kb| 1939 mv‡j msL¨vZ‡Ë¡ wW‡cøvgv I MwY‡Z GgG wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| ZviB D‡`¨v‡M 1948 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q msL¨vZË¡ I Z_¨MwY‡Z GgG/GgGmwm †Kv‡m©i cÖeZ©b nq| 1949 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q MwYZ I cwimsL¨vb wefvM cÖwZwôZ n‡j †mLv‡b †hvM †`b| c‡ii eQi c~Y©©v½ cwimsL¨vb wefvM cÖwZwôZ n‡j Zv‡Z wiWvi I wefvMxq cÖavb wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| GKB eQi ÔcixÿY cÖKíÕ (Design of experiment) wel‡q wcGBPwW wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zuvi M‡elYvi welq Ô†nv‡mb †PBb iæjÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| 1953 mv‡j wZwb cÖ‡dmi c‡` DbœxZ nb| 1961 mv‡j wbqwgZ PvKwi †_‡K Aemi †bb| 1969 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K GwgwiUvm cÖ‡dmi c‡` wb‡qvM †`q|
mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ †mex wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb KvRx Ave`yj I`y`, ˆmq` Aveyj û‡mb cÖgy‡Li m‡½ 1926 mv‡j gymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgvR cÖwZôv K‡ib| mvwnZ¨ mgv‡Ri gyLcÎ ÔwkLvÕi wØZxq I Z…Zxq e‡l©i m¤úv`K wQ‡jb wZwb| gymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgv‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ eyw×i gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| 1947 mv‡ji ci fviZ wefv‡Mi ci ci †_‡KB evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv Kivi mc‡ÿ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖeÜ cÖKvk Ges ¯§viKwjwc cÖ`vb K‡ib| cÖMwZkxj ÔcvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm`Õ-Gi mfvcwZ, 1955 mv‡j Ôevsjv GKv‡WgxÕ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ ÔAv‡qvRK mwgwZiÕ m`m¨, evsjv evbvb I wjwc ms¯‹vi KwgwUi m`m¨, 1968 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb weÁvb m‡¤§j‡bi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ`vb I wkÿvi me©¯Í‡i evsjv fvlv Pvjyi `vwe‡Z evsjv‡`‡k †h Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V Zvi GKRb †bZ…¯’vbxq c„ô‡cvlK wQ‡jb KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Qq `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKRb ewjô mg_©K wQ‡jb| 1961 mv‡j miKv‡ii we‡ivwaZvi gy‡LI wZwb XvKvq iex›`ª Rb¥kZ evwl©Kx cvj‡b mvnmx f‚wgKv iv‡Lb|
e¨w³Rxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi LyeB NwbôRb| GKRb AvšÍR©vwZK `vev †L‡jvqvo wn‡m‡e Zvi h‡_ó L¨vwZ wQj| mgvR, ag©, wkí, mvwnZ¨, m½xZ, wkÿv, ms¯‹…wZ I weÁvb wel‡q wZwb AmsL¨ cÖeÜ wj‡L‡Qb| ÔmÂqbÕ (1937) Zvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜ msKjb| GQvov Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’ bRiæj Kve¨ cwiwPwZ, †mB c_ jÿ¨ K‡i, MwYZkv‡¯¿i BwZnvm, †cø‡Uvi wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Av‡jvK weÁvb cÖf…wZ|
cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvt cÖeÜ mvwn‡Z¨ wZwb 1966 mv‡j Ôevsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹viÕ, 1979 mv‡j weÁvb I cÖhyw³we`¨vq we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Ô¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹viÕ jvf K‡ib| 1975 mv‡j wZwb ÔRvZxq Aa¨vcKÕ gh©v`vq f‚wlZ nb|
gvmy`yi ingvb
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