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cÖvPxbZg gyw`ªZ MÖš’

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AmsL¨ cyuw_i g‡a¨ Wt A‡ib †÷Bb 1907 mv‡j cÖvPxbZg gyw`ªZ MÖš’ ÔnxiK m~ÎÕ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| nxiK m~‡Î mgq †jLv wQj 868 mvj I gy`ªvK‡ii bvg Iqvs Pxn&| mnmª eQi Av‡M gyw`ªZ cyuw_wUi c„ôv¸‡jv ZLbI wQj D¾¡j I SKS‡K| nxiK m~‡Îi †k‡l †jLv Av‡Q, ÔA‡is Zzs-Gi bee‡l©i PZz_© P‡›`ªi 15 ZvwiL (11 †g 868)| wek¦e¨vcx webvg~j¨ weZi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Iqvs Pxn& KZ©„K Zvi gvZvwcZvi cÿ n‡Z cÖ¯‘ZÕ| QqwU eo eø‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ nxiK m~Î gyw`ªZ nq| eøK¸‡jv Kv‡Vi| KvV †Lv`vB K‡i wjwc †jLv nq| wjwci welqe¯‘ wQj ey‡×i Dc‡`kvejx msMÖn| nxiK m~‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 16 dzU| eZ©gv‡b GwU e„wUk wgDwRqv‡g msiwÿZ Av‡Q| eZ©gvb †¯ú‡bi HwZnvwmK cyivKxwZ©i g‡a¨ ¯^Y© eyiæR (
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K¤úvm GK

K¤úvm (
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K¤úvm-`yB

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Rvbv-ARvbv

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weijZg e¯‘

c„w_exi weijZg e¯‘i K_v ej‡Z †M‡j Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z ¯^Y©, Kv‡iv g‡Z nxiK, Avevi †KD †KD cøvwUbv‡gi K_v e‡j _v‡Kb| wKš‘, 1931 mv‡j Avwe®‹…Z, A¨vmUvUvBb n‡jv c„w_exi weijZg c`v_©| GwU n¨v‡jv‡Rb `jfz³ GKwU †gŠwjK c`v_©| c„w_ex‡Z GwU i‡q‡Q 0.9 AvDÝ A_ev 15 MÖvg| A_©vr GKwU gyiwMi wW‡gi IR‡bi mgvb| A_P GB †gŠj wb‡q Avgiv †gv‡UB wPšÍv-fvebv Kwi bv| Gig‡a¨ ¯^‡Y©i D¾¡jZv †bB, †bB nxi‡Ki KvwVb¨, †bB cøvwUbv‡gi AvwfRvZ¨|

me‡P‡q Nb e¯‘

c„w_exi me‡P‡q Nb e¯‘ LuyR‡Z Avgv‡`i †h‡Z n‡e gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª| †m †`‡ki ÔiæKz n¨v‡fb b¨vkbvj j¨ve‡iUvixÕi weÁvbxiv Ggb GKwU e¯‘i m„wó K‡i‡Qb hv GKwU cigvYyi †K›`ªK ev wbDwK¬qv‡mi †P‡qI 20 ¸Y †ewk Nb|

me‡P‡q wbLyuZ cwigvcK

Rvg©vwb‡Z Ggb GKwU †¯‹j ev cwigvcK hš¿ Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q hvi cwigvcb ÿgZv Avgv‡`i AevK K‡i| GB hš¿wUi bvg †`qv n‡q‡Q mvi‡Uvwiqvm gvB‡µve¨v‡jÝ g‡Wj 4108| GB AwZ Avðh© h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv 0018 AvDÝ A_ev 0.5 MÖvg IRb m¤úbœ GKwU e¯‘‡K gvc‡Z cvwi| †m‡ÿ‡Î fz‡ji cwigvc nq 0.1 gvB‡µvMÖvg A_ev 3.5*1010 cvDÛ A_ev 1*10-8 MÖvg|

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c„w_exi me‡P‡q cyi‡bv KYv

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