The Daily Ittefaq - February 23, 2007

†deª“qvwi 23, 2007, ïµevi : dvêyb 11, 1413

Avc‡WU evsjv‡`k mgq ivZ 12:00

eB‡gjv Rxe‡bi †gjv

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Gev‡ii GKz‡ki eB †gjvq HwZnvwmK wPšÍvkxj cÖvewÜK Aa¨vcK gybZvwmi gvgyb Zuvi wb‡Ri †jLv eB evsjv‡`k evOvwj gvbm ivóªMVb I AvaywbKZv Avgvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q ej‡jb, ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK Avgv‡K AvšÍwiK mgv`i K‡i| AvwgI ejjvg, nu¨v †Kb bq? G m¤§vb Avcbvi Awewk¨ cÖvc¨| ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK eivei UªvwWkbvwj÷ Ges gWvb© †ccvi| Gici gybZvwmi gvgyb Avgv‡K mivmwi wb‡q †M‡jb dwi` Avn‡g`-Gi mgq cÖKvk‡b| ILvb †_‡K W. gnxDwÏb Lvb AvjgMxi Gi †RvU miKv‡ii †kl eQi eBwUI Avgv‡K w`‡jb mvwnZ¨ mvgwqKx‡Z wiwfD Ki‡Z| W. gnxDwÏb Lvb GLb KvivMv‡i AšÍixY|

gybZvmxi gvgyb GB cÖeÜ msKj‡b evOvwj gvbm-Gi ˆewkó¨, Avgv‡`i ivóªMVb cÖwµqv Ges wek¦vq‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z AvaywbKZv cÖm½ wewea welq wb‡q mg¨K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Gme welq-Avkq bZzb †Rbv‡ik‡bi Rvbv Riæix| mgq-Gi G my›`i cÖKvkbvi Rb¨ cÖKvkK dwi` Avng`‡K mvayev` w`‡Z nq| eBwUi `vg gvÎ 100/- UvKv|

W. gnxDwÏb Lvb AvjgMxi-Gi eBwU‡Z weMZ miKv‡ii fzjåvwšÍ, Ges mxgve×Zvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©bxwZi RwUj Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K mv¤úªwZK cÖev‡ni GKUv mgxÿv G eB‡q D‡V G‡m‡Q| Avgv‡`i mgvRUv‡K bZzbw`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi cÖZ¨q I cwiKíbvi K_v¸‡jv Avgv‡`i AaxZ welq n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| eBwUi `vg 150/- UvKv| cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb aªæe Gl| G eBwUi Rb¨I mgq cÖKvkb Avgv‡`i ab¨ev`|

lvU `k‡Ki mvZš¿¨wew`Z Kwe gnv‡`e mvnvi wbe©vwPZ 100 KweZv †gjvq G‡b‡Q Ab¨cÖKvk| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb gvmyg ingvb| g~j¨ GKkZ mËi UvKv| Kwe gnv‡`e mvnv KweZv wjL‡Qb `xN©w`b a‡i| G‡`‡ki cvVK‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb h‡_ó RbwcÖq Kwe| Zvi mKj Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K 100 †miv KweZv wbe©vwPZ K‡i eBwU msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KweZv¸‡jv cvVK‡`i fv‡jv jvM‡e Avkv Kwi|

Av‡iv K‡qKwU eB Avgvi nv‡Z G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| ÔAvj gvngy‡`i Dcb¨vmt welq I wPšÍvÕ wj‡L‡Qb BqvnBqv gvbœvb| GKz‡k eB‡gjv 2007-G cÖKvwkZ G eBwUi cÖKvkK Avmv` web nvwdR, 435/K, eo gMevRvi, XvKv-1217| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb †gvwgb DÏxb Lv‡j`| 138 c„ôvi G eBwUi g~j¨ 150 UvKv| eBwU‡Z L¨vwZgvb Kwe Avj gvngy‡`i Dcb¨v‡mi ev¯ÍeZvi Abyave‡b Zvi ˆkwíK wePvi I we‡kølY ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| eBwUi eûj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

Avj gvngy` I wewPÎ Abyl½ wk‡ivbv‡gi G eBwUiI †jLK BqvnBqv gvbœvb| cÖKvkK cÖxwZ cÖKvkb, 435/K, eo gMevRvi, XvKv-1217| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Q cÖxwZ wWRvBb †m›Uvi| g~j¨ 100 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’ Av‡Q †gvU 13wU cÖeÜ| eBwU cvVK mgv‡R mgv`„Z n‡e GB Avkv KiwQ|

wbg©vY ˆkjx cÖKvkb, 18, †m›Uªvj †ivW, avbgwÛ, XvKv-1205 †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Kvgiæj nvmvb wmwÏKxi Avqbvj n‡Ki AvZ¥v I Av‡iv †KD †KD| eBwUi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb cxh~l `w¯Í`vi g~j¨ 70UvKv| Qvcv KvMR DbœZ| eBwUi mdj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

A¯Ícv‡ii w`Mejq eBwU wj‡L‡Qb gwnDwÏb AvjgMxi| cÖKvk K‡i‡Q avb kvwjK, 38/2, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100| cÖ”Q` bRiæj Bmjvg `yjvj| GwU GKwU KweZvi eB| eBwUi g~j¨ ivLv n‡q‡Q 70 UvKv| Qvcv KvMR DbœZ| eBwUi eûj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

avb kvwjK, 38/2, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100 †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Av‡iKwU KweZvi eB ÔKweZvq 52 Ges 71| wj‡L‡Qb mxgv †mb| GKz‡k eB‡gjv 2007-G cÖKvwkZ G eBwUi KvMR Qvcv `yBB DbœZ| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb Zvgvbœv Kwei| g~j¨t 60 UvKv|

†gBb‡Ub¨vÝ A¨vÛ g¨v‡bR‡g›U eBwUi †jLK KvRx Avkivd| cÖKvkK GgGm Avjg, mgvPvi, 37, wc‡K ivq †ivW, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100| cÖ”Q` KvRx gvnb~i cvi‡fR| `vgt 100.00 UvKv|

Abb¨v, 38/2, evsjvevRvi, XvKv †_‡K gwbiæj nK cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb wgbv dvivnvi wbw›`Z †cÖg| G Dcb¨vmwUi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb aªæe Gl| mygyw`ªZ G eBwUi `vg 75 UvKv| eBwUi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ| Avdmvbv Avd‡iv‡Ri Dcb¨vm ¯^cœPvwiYx| cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †mwjg gvngy`, eUg~j| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb aªæe Gl| g~j¨t 60 UvKv| welbœ eKz‡ji Kvbœv eBwUi †jLK †gvnv¤§` knx`yjøvn| cÖKvkK †mwjg gvngy` KZ…©K eUg~j| aªæe G‡li cÖ”Q`| g~j¨t 60 UvKv| eUg~j †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Av‡iKwU eB iIkb Av³vi nvq`vi m¤úvw`Z Rvdi Avn‡g` †PŠayixt Kwe I KweZv| G eBwUi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb `yjvj MvBb| Kwe Avj gvngy` I †ejvj †PŠayixmn Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki Av‡jvPbv wb‡qB Rvdi Avn‡g` †PŠayixt Kwe I KweZv eBwU| `vgt 150 UvKv| eBwUi eûj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

†m›Uvi di evsjv‡`k KvjPvi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q AwšÍg Auvavi †f‡½ eBwU| †jLK †ebRvwgb wiqvRx| eBwUi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb †jLK wb‡RB| 56 c„ôvi G eBwUi `vg 100 UvKv| bvwmg web bRiæj BwjqvwQi KweZvi eB Bmv‡ejv †kv‡bv| eBwUi cÖKvkK kvnRvnvb ev”Pz, wekvKv cÖKvkbx, 31/32, wc‡K ivq †ivW, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb †di‡`Šm| g~j¨t 50 UvKv| e„wói gvjv GKwU KweZvi eB| †jLK AvwZKzi ingvb Lvb| cÖKvkK Anbv, 53/wm cwðg ivgcyiv, XvKv| cÖ”Q`: †gvnv¤§` ingZDjøvn| g~j¨t 60 UvKv| wgR©v gvRnviæj Bmjvgt fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy× wk‡ivbv‡gi G eBwU wj‡L‡Qb GgAvi gvneye| cÖKvkK †gvt AvBbyj †nv‡mb, GGBP †W‡fjc‡g›U cvewjwks nvDR, 143, wbD gv‡K©U, XvKv| g~j¨t 250 UvKv| eBwUi Qvcv KvMR DbœZ| eBwUi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

bI‡ivR mvwnZ¨ m¤¢vi, 46, evsjvevRvi, XvKvi c‡ÿ my‡Kvgj Bd‡ZLvi KuvKb cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Avj gvngy‡`i †mvbvjx Kvweb wk‡ivbv‡gi eBwU| Gi †jLK dvBRyj Bmjvg| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb †gveviK †nv‡mb wjUb| g~j¨t 100 UvKv| †mvbvjx Kvwe‡bi mnR A_©, wUKv-wUàwb I e¨vL¨v Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb †jLK dvBRyj Bmjvg GB eBwU‡Z| Kwe Avj gvngy‡`i g‡Z, Ôhw`I cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Kv‡e¨i †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v nq bv| ZeyI cvV¨ wel‡q cwiYZ n‡j Gi GKwU mnR e¨vL¨v `iKvi| KvRwU dvBRyj wbLyuZfv‡e K‡i‡Qb|Õ eBwUi eûj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

Avjg ZvjyK`v‡ii QovMÖš’ Rv`yN‡ii Qov| eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †gv¯Ídv Rvnv½xi Avjg, †R¨vwZ cÖKvk, 42/1-K, †m¸b evwMPv, XvKv-1000| cÖ”Q` I Aj¼iY †MŠZg †Nvl| g~j¨t 40 UvKv|

avb kvwjK, 38/2, evsjvevRvi, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q wkï‡Zvl KweZvi eB Ô†fv‡ii cvwLÕ| eBwU wj‡L‡Qb gwnDwÏb AvjgMxi| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb cÖYq cwÊZ| g~j¨t 60 UvKv| GKz‡k eB‡gjv 2007-G cÖKvwkZ G eBwU mygyw`ªZ I myLcvV¨| eBwUi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

Lv‡jK web R‡qbD`&`xb m¤úvw`Z kvgmyi ivngvb-Gi n¯Ívÿ‡i Qov I KweZv wk‡ivbv‡gi eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †gv¯Ídv Rvnv½xi Avjg, †R¨vwZ cÖKvk, 42/1-K, †m¸b evwMPv, XvKv-1100| cÖ”Q` I Aj¼iY †MŠZg †Nvl| g~j¨t 150 UvKv| kvgmyi ivngvb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Ab¨Zg cÖavb Kwe| wkï mvwn‡Z¨I Zvi Ae`vb Abe`¨| Kwe AvR †bB| Zvi wb‡Ri nv‡Zi †jLv Qov-KweZv G eBwU‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AvU©‡ccv‡i Pvi i‡O Qvcv G eBwU †h Kv‡iv `„wó Kvo‡e| mygyw`ªZ I myLcvV¨ GB eBwUi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

†kvfv cÖKvk †ei K‡i‡Q Avey mv‡jn wUUzi wek¦‡miv wkíx MÖš’wU| cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb †gvt AveŸvm Lvb| eBwUi g~j¨ 60 UvKv|

wgR©v gvRnviæj Bmjvg fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy× wk‡ivbv‡g Gg Avi gvney‡ei MÖš’wU cÖKvk K‡i‡Q G GBP †W‡fjc‡g›U cvewjwks nvDR| cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb cÖ”Q` †PŠayix| eBwUi `vg ivLv n‡q‡Q 250 UvKv| Avey gymv †PŠayixi Kve¨MÖš’ wel cÖKvk K‡i‡Q †R¨vwZcÖKvk| cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb Lvwj` Avnmvb | g~j¨ 70 UvKv| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ †jLv cviæj Avn‡g‡`i gvby‡li eÜz wKsKs Mwijv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q bvCg eyK B›Uvib¨vkbvj| eBwUi AjsKiY K‡i‡Qb mgxiY wek¦vm| `vg 60 UvKv| AfxK Imgvb iwPZ cÖqvZ 5 Rb I GKz‡ki cÖKvk K‡i‡Q K¨v‡¤úBb di AvU©m A¨vÛ wgwWqv cÖ‡gvkb| cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb Lvwj` Avnmvb| eBwUi `vg 100 UvKv| GQvovI K¨v‡¤úBb AvU©m A¨vÛ wgwWqv cÖ‡gvkb †ei K‡i‡Q ev`j ˆmq`-Gi Rb¥Rq| †jL‡Ki fvlvq GwU GKwU gvbweKZvi Mí| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb Lvwj` Avnmvb, `vg 100 UvKv| †kjx bv‡Ri Kve¨MÖš’ †kKvj mgy`ª ev‡R cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Abb¨v| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb aªæe Gl| g~j¨ ivLv n‡q‡Q Avwk UvKv| mvjvDwÏb ev`j-Gi Kve¨MÖš’ gyw³i iƒcvjx evZvm cÖKvk K‡i‡Q AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb gvmyK †njvj, `vg 65 UvKv| jyrdi ingv‡bi Rxe‡bi RjQwe cÖKvk K‡i‡Q †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb wg›Uz| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb kvnwiqvi ingvb Ac~e©| `vg 100 UvKv|

dvBRym mv‡jnx‡bi M‡íi eB hv`yi cvLvq †f‡m Av‡d«vw`wZi †`‡k| cÖKvkK wMqvmDwÏb Lmiæ, wS‡Odzj, 34 b_©eªæK nj †ivW| evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ iwPZ G eBwUi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb AvwRRyi ingvb| g~j¨ 75 UvKv| eBwU mygyw`ªZ †jL‡Ki Av‡iKwU eB euvwkev‡R cix bv‡P| G eBwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q wi`g cÖKvkbv ms¯’v †_‡K| eBwUi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb| `vg 80 UvKv gvÎ| eBwUi bvg †Zvgvi m‡½ hv‡ev| wj‡L‡Qb mvC` evnv`yi| cÖKvkK Avwgbyj Bmjvg, gy³wPšÍv cÖKvkbv 47 AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©U wØZxq Zjv, XvKv| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb m`j| g~j¨ 70 UvKv| eBwU mygyw`ªZ| gy³wPšÍv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Av‡iv K‡qKwU eB| Zvi g‡a¨ †R‡M DwV wbtm½Zvq| G eBwUi †jLK dviæK cÖavb| cÖ”Q` m`j| `vg 70 UvKv| kvgmyj Avjg wj‡j‡Lb AgivewZ| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb Pviæ wc›Uz| g~j¨ 80 UvKv| cÖevj 11 bvgK eBwU Wvt Avwbm Avn‡g`-Gi GKwU mv‡qÝ wdKkvb| GwUiI cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb m`j| g~j¨ 70 UvKv| gy³wPšÍvi Av‡iv GKwU eB, meyR †g‡N e„wó c‡o| †jLK Zvmjxg BmnvK| m`‡ji cÖ”Q` m¤^wjZ G eBwUi g~j¨ 70 UvKv| gy³wPšÍvi meKÕwU eB‡qiB Qvcv Ges KvMR fvj| eB¸‡jvi mdj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

This Odd World wk‡ivbv‡gi eBwU wj‡L‡Qb Sayeeda Zaman eBwU translated K‡i‡Qb Anisur Rahman, cÖKvkK Mostafa Jahangir Alam, Jyotiprokash, 42/1-cU, Segunbagicha, Dhaka-1000| cÖ”Q` †MŠZg †Nvl| g~j¨ 150 UvKv| eBwU mygyw`ªZ| eBwUi eûj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

†gv¯Ídv Rvnv½xi Avjg KZ…©K †R¨vwZcÖKvk †_‡K Av‡iKwU eB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| bvg, bÿ‡Îi ivZ| †jLK ZvwiL ingvb| cÖ”Q` †MŠZg †Nvl| g~j¨ 80 UvKv| GwU GKwU KweZvi eB| KvMR I Qvcv fvj|

e`iæj Avjg bvwej m¤úvw`Z AvcbRb‡`i kvgmyi ivngvb wk‡ivbv‡gi eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Q dqmj Av‡iwdb `xcb, RvM„wZ cÖKvkbx, 33, AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©U, XvKv| KvBq~g †PŠayixi cÖ”Q`m¤^wjZ G eBwUi g~j¨ 140 UvKv| GwU kvgmyi ivngvb‡K wb‡q †jLv Zvi Kv‡Qi gvbyl‡`i iPbv msKjb| eBwU mygyw`ªZ I myLcvV¨| eBwUi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

RvM„wZ cÖKvkbxi Av‡iv `ywU eB Zey e‡j hvB- †jLK AvZvDm mvgv`| cÖ”Q` Avwbmy¾vgvb †mv‡nj| g~j¨ 100 UvKv| RvwZag©eY© bvix cyiæl wbwe©‡k‡l mevi Rb¨ gvbevwaKvi kxl©K eBwUi †jLK gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb| cÖ”Q` dqmj Av‡iwdb| g~j¨ 100 UvKv| eB¸‡jvi mdj cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

mgq cÖKvkb, 38/2K evsjvevRvi, XvKv †_‡K dwi` Avn‡g` cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb wewkó K_vwkíx nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki weaev‡`i K_v I Ab¨vb¨ Mí| eBwUi cÖ”Q` I AjsKiY K‡i‡Qb KvBqyg †PŠayix| g~j¨ 100 UvKv| mvZwU bZzb Mímgwš^Z msKjb weaev‡`i K_v| eBwU mygyw`ªZ I myLcvV¨| eBwUi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

Aemi cÖKvkbv ms¯’vi `ywU eB Avgvi nv‡Z G‡m‡Q| e¨w³ I ivóª mgvR web¨vm I mgvR `k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K wk‡ivbv‡gi eBwUi †jLK Abycg †mb| cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb †givR| g~j¨ 140 UvKv| gnvwe‡k¦ cÖvY I eyw×gËvi †Luv‡R| †jLK AwfwRr ivq || dwi` Avn‡g`| cÖ”Q` cÖZxK WU wWRvBb| g~j¨ 130 UvKv| `ywU eBB cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Aemi cÖKvkbv ms¯’v 46/1 †n‡g›`ª `vm †ivW, m~Îvcyi, XvKv-1100-i c‡ÿ Gd ingvb| mygyw`ªZ I myLcvV¨ eB¸‡jvi cÖPvi Kvgbv KiwQ|

Gev‡ii †gjvq wgRvb cvewjkv‡m©i cÖKvwkZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ eB Ôkvgmyi ivngv‡bi †miv 200 KweZvÕ, Ôwe‡k¦i †kªô 100 gbxlxi RxebxÕ, Ôwe‡k¦i †miv 101 weÁvbxi RxebxÕ, †di‡`Šm nvmv‡bi wbe©vwPZ Dcb¨vm, AvDqvj †PŠayixi Dcb¨vm Abvb¥x|

Ôkvgmyi ivngv‡bi †miv 200 KweZvÕi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb ZvwiK †di‡`Šm Lvb| GwUi g~j¨ wZbkZ UvKv| G‡Z kvgmyi ivngv‡bi cy‡iv msMÖn †_‡K evQvBK…Z `y‡kv KweZv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z K‡i PURjw` cvVK Zv‡`i wcÖq Kwei fv‡jv KweZv¸‡jv nv‡Zi Kv‡Q †c‡q hv‡eb|

Ôwe‡k¦i †kªô 100 gbxlxi RxebxÕeBwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb Av.b.g wgRvbyi ingvb cvUIqvix| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb †gvt iwdKzj Bmjvg `yjvj| g~j¨ PvikZ UvKv| c„w_exL¨vZ 1k gbxlxi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z AvMÖnx †h Kv‡iv eBwU fv‡jv jvM‡e| GwU msMÖn‡hvM¨ GKwU eB|

Ôwe‡k¦i †miv 101 weÁvbxi RxebxÕ eBwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb Av.b.g wgRvbyi ingvb cvUIqvix| eBwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb †gvt iwdKzj Bmjvg `yjvj| g~j¨ wZbkZ cÂvk UvKv| c„w_exL¨vZ GKk GK gbxlxi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z AvMÖnx †h †Kv‡bv cvV‡Ki eBwU fv‡jv jvM‡e | wbtm‡›`‡n GwU msMÖn‡hvM¨|

†di‡`Šm nvmv‡bi wbe©vwPZ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb ZvwiK †di‡`Šm Lvb| GwUi g~j¨ PvikZ UvKv| Jcb¨vwmK †di‡`Šm Lv‡bi wbe©vwPZ AvUwU Dcb¨vm Av‡jvP¨ eB‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| `yB gjv‡Ui †fZi msMÖn‡hvM¨ AvUwU Dcb¨vm †c‡q cvVK Avkv Kwi VK‡eb bv|

AvDqvj †PŠayixi Dcb¨vm Abvb¥xÕi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb aªæe Gl| GwUi g~j¨ beŸB UvKv| AvDqvj †PŠayix Dcb¨vm QvovI †QvUMí †j‡Lb| †Uwjwfk‡b Kg©iZ G †jL‡Ki fvlv MwZkxj I SiS‡i| Kvwnbx eyb‡bI wZwb cvi½g| eBwUi eûj cÖPvi Kvg¨|

†gjvq we`¨vcÖKv‡ki cÖKvwkZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ eB‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Kexi †PŠayixi Abyev`K…Z Ôee©i‡`iA‡cÿvqÕ| eBwUi g~j †jLK †R Gg †Kv‡qrwm| cÖ”Q` ivRxe b~i| g~j¨ GKk lvU UvKv| wkÿvwe`, mvwnwZ¨K Kexi †PŠayix Abyev‡`I wm×n¯Í| Zvi Qvc i‡q‡Q G eB‡ZI|

GQvov we`¨vcÖKvk ‡gjvq Av‡iv G‡b‡Q ¯^bvgab¨ †jLK wmivRyj Bmjvg †PŠayixi ÔwcZ…Zvwš¿KZvi wec‡ÿÕ eBwU| GwUi cÖ”Q` K‡i‡Qb DËg †mb| g~j¨ GKk cÂvk UvKv| G‡Z ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q wewfbœwelqK c‡biwU M`¨| Avkv Kwi eBwU cvV‡Ki fv‡jv jvM‡e|

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1947 mv‡ji wn›`y-gymjgvb `v½v jwZd fvB‡qi g‡b fxlYfv‡e †iLvcvZ K‡i| ZLb KvD‡K wKQy bv e‡j XvKv P‡j Av‡mb| XvKv †eZvi m½xZ cwi‡ekb K‡ib 1948 mv‡j| Gici evOvwji cÖv‡Yi `vwe fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡ob mwµqfv‡e| ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡Z cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii †`qv ÔZgNv‡q gRwjmÕ †LZve cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j †eZvi †_‡K AemiMÖnY K‡ib Ges e½eÜzi Aby‡iv‡a GKB mg‡q Z_¨ I MYms‡hvM †m‡j DccwiPvjK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| H eQiB fvi‡Z RbmsL¨v welqK AvšÍR©vwZK †mwgbv‡i †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1976 mv‡j Pjw”P‡Îi m¤§vbRbK ÔwmKz¨‡qÝ cyi¯‹vi -76Õ jvf K‡ib| 1978 mv‡j GKK Abyôvb ÔIiv Avgvi gy‡Li K_v KvBov wb‡Z PvqÕ Mvb cwi‡ek‡b cywj‡ki n¯Í‡ÿc| 1979 mv‡j gnvb GKz‡k c`K jvf| 1981 mv‡j FwlR wkíx †Mvôx KZ…©K ¸YxRb msea©bv cvb| 1984 mv‡j evsjv‡`k G¨vm‡Uªv‡jvwR cv‡gw÷ª G¨v‡mvwm‡qkb KZ…©K msea©bv cvb Ges H GKB eQi Bmjvgx dvD‡Ûkb †_‡K Ôw`j ieveÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 169wU nvg`, bvZ I MR‡ji GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvk| 1985 mv‡j †ki G evsjv RvZxq ¯§„wZ msm` KZ…©K Ô‡ki-B-evsjv ¯§„wZ ¯^Y©c`K-85Õ jvf| GKB eQi XvKvq w_‡qUvi mßv‡n msea©bv Ges m½x‡Z Abb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ bv‡Uv‡i Ôevsjv‡`k hye Drme -85Õ Dcj‡ÿ ¸YxRb msea©bv jvf, 21 †deªæqvwi Ôfvlvi Mvb †`‡ki MvbÕ MxwZMÖ‡š’ fvlv, †`k‡cÖg RvMiYxg~jK Mvb, ¯^‡`kx Rvwi cÖf…wZ 96wU Mv‡bi GKwU MÖš’ evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| 1986 mv‡j Ôevsjv‡`k †jLK Kj¨vY msNÕ KZ…©K msea©bv Ges Ôevsjv‡`k MxwZKwe msm`Õ KZ…©K msea©bv I kª×vÄwj| 1988 mv‡j ÔBDbvB‡UW †bkb Gbfvi‡g›U †cÖvMÖvgÕ KZ…©K cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ msea©bv I mb`jvf| 1989 mv‡j Lyjbv Ôbvw›`KÕ Gi Øviv MYmsea©bv| 1991 mv‡j eyjeyj jwjZKjv GKv‡Wwgi wZbhyM c~wZ©‡Z Ô¸YxRb msea©bv| GKB eQi PZz_© RvZxq iex›`ª m½xZ Drm‡e wkíx kª×vN© cvb| 1992 mv‡ji 2iv AvM÷ MY‡hvMv‡hvM Awa`ßi †_‡K AemiMÖnY| GKB eQi miKvwi eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡Ri kZel©-1889 c~wZ© Drm‡e ewikv‡j msea©bv| 1993 mv‡j Kzwgjøv w_‡qUvi Gi GKhyM c~wZ©‡Z wkíx‡K msea©bv| 1994 mv‡j Awb›` mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK msMV‡bi kª×vÄwj, BD‡b‡¯‹v K¬ve XvKv wmwUi G¨vIqvW©-94 MÖnY| Ges ewikvj wefvM mvs¯‹…wZK †K‡›`ªi ¯^Y©c`K-94 cÖ`vb| 1995 mv‡j cjøxMxwZ‡Z Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ ZviKv‡jvK c`K jvf Ges PÆMÖv‡g Îx‡Zvi½ KZ…©K mßvne¨vcx †jvK Drme Dcj‡ÿ msea©bv| GQvov Avgiv m~h©gyLx Zv‡K e½eÜz cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vbmn A‡bK msMVb KZ…©K eû cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f‚wlZ n‡q‡Qb|

Avãyj jwZd Gi gZ Amvgvb¨ wb‡ew`ZcÖvY ¸Yxwkíx cÖwZw`b Rb¥vq bv| wZwb cÖwZfvi eicyÎ n‡qB R‡b¥wQ‡jb| †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ AvR GKRb AwffveK nvivj| wZwb †bB wKš‘ Zvi Av`k© Ges jÿ¨ †i‡L †M‡Qb Avgv‡`i Rb¨| jwZd fvB‡K wb‡q Avgvi G †jLv LyeB mvgvb¨| Avwg Avkv Kie ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i †gavex mšÍv‡biv jwZd fvB‡K Rvb‡Z Ges eyS‡Z cÖZ¨qx n‡e| 0

RvwZmËvi BwZnvm AbymÜvb

W. mvBdzÏxb †PŠayix

evOvjx Avgiv KZw`‡bi? GB BwZnvm GLbI A¯^”Q, a~mi| evOvjx RvwZi BwZnvm †bB e‡j GK mgq Av‡ÿc K‡iwQ‡jb ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| wKš‘ AZ¨šÍ `ytLRbK n‡jI G K_v mZ¨ †h, †`o kZvãxi ciI †mB †L‡`vw³i Aemvb N‡Uwb| cÖm½wU †ewk RwUj Ges †Nvjv‡U nq ZLbB, evOvjx RvwZmËvi wkKo hLb AbymÜvb Ki‡Z hvb †KD| Avgv‡`i evOvwj‡Z¡i D™¢e I weKv‡ki ci¯úivMZ HK¨m~Î wb‡q A‡bK ZK©weZK© i‡q‡Q, cwÊZ‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f‡`iI BqËv †bB|

GB wbeÜ evOvjx Rb‡Mvôxi AZxZ †`Lvi cÖqvm gvÎ| biZvwË¡K, HwZnvwmK Ges fvlv-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi wKQy wew”Qbœ cÖm‡½ ÔcÖZœ evOvjxÕ (‡ig©g-CUf_Uda) †_‡K evOvjx n‡q IVvi wel‡q GKUv nvév ai‡bi Av‡jvPbv| wbe‡Ü Ny‡i wd‡i H K_v, `wÿY Gwkqvi evsjv fvlvfvlx AÂ‡j RvwZ wnmv‡e evOvjxiv KLb †_‡K wKfv‡e †e‡o D‡V‡Q| evsjv bv‡g AwfwnZ f‚LÛwUi AZx‡Z wfbœ wfbœ bvg cwiPq wQj, Avjv`v ivR‰bwZK cwiPqI wQj| wKš‘ Zv `xN©Kv‡ji weeZ©b, ms‡hvRb, we‡qvRb I iƒcvšÍ‡ii ga¨w`‡q G¸‡Z G¸‡Z AmsL¨ ˆewk‡ó¨i I Dcv`v‡bi AwaKvix nq| KZ †h cvjve`‡ji †Ljv P‡j‡Q GLvbKvi gvbyl‡`i, BwZnv‡m Zvi wek` eY©bv Lyu‡R cvIqv `y®‹i|

evsjvq gvbe emwZi mwVK mgq AvRI Rvbv m¤¢e nqwb| aªæc`x mvwnZ¨ ÔHZ‡iq eªvþ‡YÕ ejv n‡q‡Q, c~e© fvi‡Z †h KÕwU Ô`my¨‡KvgÕ wQj Zvi GKwU n‡jv ÔcyÊ‡KvgÕ (eZ©gv‡b e¸ov †Rjvi gnv¯’vbMo AÂj)| Aciw`‡K ÔHZ‡iq AviY¨KÕ-G D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡½i| GB MÖš’ g‡Z, e‡½i Awaevmxiv cvwLi fvlvq K_v ejZ| Avh© Fwliv Av‡iK avc GwM‡q e‡j‡Qb Giv wQj åó, AbvPvix, †mœ”Q, `vm, `ym¨, wj½ DcvmK, wbôvnxb, wfbœ ag©vm³, A`xwÿZ, A‰ew`K fvlx Ges †`eZv I ˆew`K Kg©we‡ivax| b„ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbvq cyÊ I e‡½i Gme Avw` Awaevmxi †gvUvgywU GKUv cwiPq wg‡j| evsjv AÂj Avh©vwqZ nq GLb †_‡K gvÎ mv‡o wZb nvRvi Av‡M wLª÷c~e© 1500 A‡ã| ZLb †_‡K Avh©fvlx Avw` ÔbwW©KÕ Rb‡Mvôx G AÂ‡j AvMgb K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvi †ek K‡qK nvRvi eQi c~‡e© be¨cÖ¯Íi hy‡MB wKš‘ f‚LÊwU‡Z gvbe‡Mvôxi Ae¯’v‡bi cÖgvY wg‡j| Zv‡`i wQj cÖk¯Í bvm, `xN© gyÊ, `xN© I g‡a¨vbœZ bvm| †`n wQj ewjô Ges `„pmse×|

Ô‡KvwjWÕ ev Avw` A‡÷ªjxq Ges G¨vjcvBb R‡bi gvbyl wQj Giv| hw`I Gi m‡½ LvwbKUv wgkvb wQj wbwMÖ‡Uv (wbMÖeyU) I g‡½vjxq Rb‡Mvôxi i‡³i| †ek K‡qK nvRvi eQi a‡i PovB- DrivB Avi NvZ-cÖwZNvZ †cwi‡q we‡kl K‡i `xN©gybWi Avw` A‡÷ªjxq, †MvjgyÛzi G¨vj‡cv-`xbvixq Ges LvwbKUv DËi fvi‡Zi Mv‡½q cÖ‡`ki Avw` ÔbwW©KÕ Rb‡mªv‡Zi avivq evOvjx R‡bi D‡b¥l NU‡Z _v‡K `xN©Kvj a‡i| cÖZœ-evOvwj‡Z¡i GB c‡e©i mgvwß nq wLªóªxq beg-`kK kZ‡K, hLb ¯^Zš¿ evOvjx mËvi AwaKvi H Rb‡Mvôx fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Zvi Afz¨`‡qi cwiPq‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mg_© nq| AvZ¥køvNx nevi GKUv †cÖiYvI ZLb †_‡K wfZ‡i wfZ‡i KvR Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i|

mwÜÿY †cwi‡q c~Y©v½ evOvwj‡Z¡ DËi‡Yi cÖwµqvI N‡U AvÂwjK ch©v‡q I cÖK…wZi bvbv Kvh©KviY‡K Aej¤^b K‡i| Avh©ewR©Z evsjv ms¯‹…Z fvlv-mvwn‡Z¨i m‡½ KLbB †Zgb AvZ¥xqZv M‡o †Zv‡jwb| A_P evsjvq wkÿv`xÿv Ges Ávb PP©vi wbR¯^ GKUv cwigÛj M‡o D‡VwQj, hvi m‡½ me©fviZxq ˆewk‡ó¨i †Kvb †hvMmvRk wQj bv, cÖfve †Zv wQjB bv| evOvjxi GB ¯^vZš¿¨‡ev‡ai K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Q mßg kZvãxi Pxbv ch©UK wnD‡qb mvO Zuvi ågY e„Ëv‡šÍ| evOvjxi Ávb PP©vi I Ávm¤ú„nvi cÖgvY wg‡j hLb evOvjx cwÛZ kxjf`ª wek¦kªæZ KxwZ©i Rb¨ wenv‡i bvj›`v gnvwenv‡i AvPv‡h©i c` Aj¼…Z K‡ib| wnD‡qb mvO AviI wj‡L‡Qb, †m mgq evOvjxiv †eŠ×, wbM©ªš’ I eªvþY¨ wkÿv`xÿvi cvkvcvwk e¨vKiY, kãwe`¨v, †nZzwe`¨v, wPwKrmvwe`¨v, mvsL¨, m½xZ, gnvhvbkv¯¿, A÷v`k wbKvqev`, †hvMkv¯¿, †R¨vwZwe©`¨v cÖf…wZ wel‡q AwfÁ wQ‡jb| G‡Kev‡i cy‡ivcywifv‡e evsjvq Gme wel‡qi LvwbKUv PP©v nq wLªóxq beg-`kg (?) kZ‡K cvj Avg‡j, hLb gvMax Acås‡ki †MŠo-e½xq iƒc evsjvq G‡m †cuuŠQvq| GKwU K_v GLv‡b Aek¨B D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq †h, fvlv wnmv‡e evsjvi DËi‡Yi KvR Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z evsjvi ivRkw³i wKQyUv Ae`vb wQj| †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x kvmKiv †P‡qwQ‡jb ag©ZË¡ K_v RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z n‡j †jvKvqZ fvlv evsjvq mnRZi n‡e| Ph©vMxwZB †mB †jvKvqZ fvlvi m„R¨gvb evsjvi cÖvPxbZg cwiPq| GB mgq evsjv fvlv m~² I myMfxi fvecÖKv‡ki ÿgZvR©b bv Ki‡jI, a‡g©i ZË¡K_v aviY I Dc¯’vc‡bi †hvM¨Zv jvf K‡i| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxbZg `wjj Ph©vMxwZKvi g~j¨ evOvjxi Kv‡Q A‡bK| Gi ga¨ w`‡qB evOvjx cÖ_g Ges ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Zvi g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki ÿgZv jvf K‡i| ej‡Z Kx, Ph©vi †h Q›` ZvI wKš‘ G‡m‡Q Ôm`vbxqvÕ A_©vr Rjgq cwi‡e‡ki †jvKvqZ jvPvwo Q›` †_‡K| b`x, †bŠKv I gvbyl wb‡q AmvaviY evsjvi cÖK…wZ GB MxwZKvq Ny‡iwd‡i G‡m‡Q| Ph©vMxwZKvi g‡Zv mgmvgwqKKv‡ji †cvovgvwUi fv¯‹‡h©I evOvjxi Rxeb cÖevn aiv c‡o- ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb bvbvfv‡e †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z| K_v-Kvwnbx _vK‡jI †cvovgvwUi †mB wk‡í †Kvb Mfxi fve-inm¨ †bB, we¯Í„Z ZË¡ wKsev Av`k©| evsjvi ZÿYwkí, wPÎwk‡íi †ÿ‡ÎI GgbwU N‡UwQj| evOvjxi mgvR ms¯’v m‡e©vcwi †h ¯^Zš¿ RxebPP©v M‡o D‡VwQj, wkíKjvqI Zvi bwRi wg‡j| evOvjxi fv¯‹h© wk‡íi cÖKvkfw½gvq AšÍ‡j©v‡Ki †Kvb Mfxi wPšÍv ev fv‡ei Awfe¨w³ †bB, gyLveqe ¯’yj I AgvwR©Z, `uvovevi fw½ Avoóc~Y©| wKš‘ AevK n‡Z nq, Gme wk‡í i‡q‡Q AmvaviY cÖv‡Yi cÖvPyh©| evOvjxi wkí-ms¯‹…wZi BwZnvm GB AvÂwjK iƒc I ixwZ aiv c‡o cvj Avg‡ji ZvjcvZvi Aj¼i‡Yv‡Ï‡k AuvKv wPÎwk‡í| mgmvgwqKKv‡ji evsjvi mvgvwRK Ae¯’viB wPÎvqb GB wPÎwkí|

†mB mg‡qi wekvj fviZe‡l©i ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m evsjv †Zv GKwU Rbc` we‡kl| mvgšÍ iv‡óªi †PZbvq jvwjZ n‡q AvÂwjK g‡bve„wËi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q gvÎ, hv †KejgvÎ Rxeb‡eva I gbgvbwmKZvqB bq, fvlv mvwnZ¨-wkí-ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨I ¯úó n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K Ges GKwU RvwZi cwic~Y© Afz¨`‡qi ga¨ w`‡q GK mgq hvi mgvwß N‡U| cÖZœ evOvjx ce© †_‡K GLvbKvi Rb‡Mvôx G mgqB evOvjx n‡jb, ÔAvwR fzmyKz evOvjx fBjxÕ| fzmyKzcvi K_vwU hw` Gfv‡e wbB, wZwb cÙvcv‡oi Rjm`y¨i `my¨e„wËi Kvi‡Y me©¯^ LyB‡q PÛvjx‡K NiwY K‡i evOvjx nbwb; eis wZwb evOvjx n‡qwQ‡jb Avh©-fviZel©‡K `my¨Ávb K‡i Ges PÛvjx ¯^‡`kf‚wgi Kv‡Q AvZ¥wb‡e`b K‡i| fzmyKzcvi evOvjx‡`i cy‡ivcywi evOvjx n‡q DV‡Z AviI K‡qK kÕ eQi mgq †j‡M‡Q| wLªóxq PZz`©k kZ‡K Bwjqvm kv‡ni Ôkvn-B-evOvjxqvbBÕ evOvjx wnmv‡e wb‡R‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖ_g c~Y©v½ cÖqvm; BwZnv‡mi H AwfÁvb †Kvbµ‡gB we¯§„Z nIqv Pj‡e bv Avgv‡`i| 0

Gg. Avi gvneye

(c~e© cÖKv‡ki ci)

G cÖm‡½ ekxi Avj †njvj e‡j‡Qbt ÒMY AvRv`x jx‡Mi (c‡i 1950 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m msMVbwUi bvg Ôwmwfj wjevwU© jxMÕ cybtwba©vwiZ nq) g¨vwb‡d‡óv‡Z ejv nq Ôevsjv nB‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvÕ| D‡jøL¨, D³ msMVbwUi AvnevqK wQ‡jb KgiæÏxb Avng`| gymwjg jx‡Mi wKQy cÖMwZkxj †bZv MYAvRv`x jxM MVb K‡ib| Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jbt †gvnv¤§` †Zvqvnv, Awj Avnv` I ZvR DwÏb Avng`|Ó (m~Î: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm ekxi Avj †njvj, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1985, c„-165-66)

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cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi c~‡e© wewfbœ Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex‡`i †jLvq ivóªfvlv evsjvi mc‡ÿ †Rviv‡jv e³e¨ ivLv nq| Kwe diiæL Avng` evsjvi mg_©‡b Ges GK‡kªYxi D`y© †cÖwgK e½ mšÍvb‡`i Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i ÔD`y© ebvg evsjvfvlvÕ kxl©K e¨v½ m‡bU iPbv K‡ib| G m‡bU 1352 mv‡ji gvwmK †gvnv¤§`x cwÎKvq †R¨ô msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq| ÔcvwK¯Ívb: ivóªfvlv I mvwnZ¨Õ kxl©K GK cÖe‡Ü Kwe diiæL Avng` e‡jbt cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbM‡Yi e„nr As‡ki gZvbyhvqx cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv wbe©vwPZ n‡e| hw` ZvB nq Z‡e G K_v wbwðZ †h, evsjv fvlvB cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv n‡e|Ó (m~Î: mIMvZ, Avwk¦b, 1354)

ÔK…wóÕ bv‡gi msKj‡b cÖL¨vZ fvlvwe` W. gynv¤§` Gbvgyj nK e‡j‡Qb: ÒD`y©‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlviƒ‡c ¯^xKvi Kwiqv jB‡j evsjv fvlvi mgvwa iPbv Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges m‡½ m‡½ c~e© cvwK¯ÍvbevmxiI RvwZ wnmv‡e †Mvi †`qvi Av‡qvRb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|Ó (m~Î: K…wó, KvwZ©K, 1354)

†gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx mIMvZ cwÎKvq Ôwkÿvi K_vÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü e‡jbt Òevsjv n‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv I wkÿvi ¯^vfvweK evnb|Ó (m~Î: mIMvZ, †cŠl, 1354) cvwK¯Ívb c~e©Kv‡j gywRei ingvb Luv iwPZ ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ, nvweeyjøvn evnvi iwPZ ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ, Zv‡jeyi ingv‡bi ÔcvwK¯Ívbev‡`i µgvweKvkÕ kxl©K MÖ‡š’ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv m¤ú‡K© wek` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv †h evsjv Zvi mc‡ÿ e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1947 mv‡ji 30 Ryb ˆ`wbK AvRv` cwÎKvq ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvÕ kxl©K cÖe‡Ü Ave`yj nK evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi c‡ÿ AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡ib| (m~Î: ˆ`wbK AvRv`, KjKvZv, 30 Ryb, 1947) 1947 mv‡ji ga¨fv‡M Ave`yj nK Zvi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Avw`ce© MÖ‡š’ PviwU cÖeÜ wj‡Lb| Avãyj nK iwPZ Ôevsjvfvlv welqK cÖ¯ÍveÕ kxl©K `xN© cÖeÜwU `yÕwKw¯Í‡Z ˆ`wbK B‡Ënv`-Gi (KjKvZv) iweevmixq wefv‡M 1947 mv‡ji 22 I 29 Ryb cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| ekxi Avj †njv‡ji g‡Z, GUvB ivóªfvlv evsjvi mc‡ÿ cÖ_g cÖeÜ| (m~Î: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvmÐ ekxi Avj †njvj, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, c„ôv-169) 1947 mv‡ji 21 RyjvB Ôˆ`wbK AvRv‡`Õ Ave`yj gZx‡bi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv bvgK cÖe‡Ü cÖeÜKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlviƒ‡c evsjv fvlvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|

1947 mv‡ji 27 RyjvB G †K b~iæj nK weG-Gi ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvÕ cÖeÜwU ˆ`wbK AvRv‡` cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ cÖe‡Ü wZwb evsjvi fvlvMZ Dc‡hvwMZv we‡ePbv K‡i †`wLqv‡Qb †h, ÔGKgvÎ evsjv wfbœ ivóªfvlv nevi †hvM¨Zv I `vwe †Kvb fvlviB †bB|Õ 1947 mv‡ji 30 RyjvB ˆ`wbK AvRv‡` gvneye Rvgvj Rvnv½xi Ôivóªfvlv welqK cÖ¯ÍveÕ bvgK cÖe‡Ü evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi c‡ÿ AwfgZ cÖKvk Kiv nq| 1947 mv‡ji Ryb-RyjvB gv‡m ˆ`wbK AvRv‡` `yÕ`dvq Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv (weZK©), wk‡ivbv‡g KZK¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv †ewi‡q‡Q| Gme Av‡jvPbvq ivóªfvlviƒ‡c evsjv fvlvi ¯’vb wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvlv Av‡›`vjb M‡elK ewki Avj †njvj G cÖm‡½ e‡jbt ÒtAvgv‡`i †`Lv AvRv‡`i cÖv¸³ 1g weZ‡K© wZbwU Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv wj‡L‡Qb b`xqvi mvÕ` Avn‡g`, †kL Ave`yj nvwKg, KjKvZvi 5/5 G ey×zI¯ÍvMi †j‡bi gneye Lvb| tcÖ_g Av‡jvPbvwUB †Kej cyiv`¯Íi D`©yi c‡ÿ| t2q Av‡jvPK evsjv‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv Kivi c‡ÿ gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Z…Zxq Av‡jvPK wj‡L‡Qb| ÔAvgv‡`i cÖ¯Íve cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv nB‡e evsjvÕ| t20 RyjvB, 1947 2q `dvi weZ‡K© G‡K mv‡R`yj Kwig, G Gg †Lvi‡k` Avng` I †gvnv¤§` Rûiæj n‡Ki Av‡jvPbv cÖKvwgZ n‡q‡Q| GB wZb †jLK evsjvi c‡ÿ gZ w`‡q‡Qb|Ó (m~Î: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm) ˆ`wbK AvRv‡`i gwnjv gnwd‡j Av‡qkv †eM‡gi Ôfvlv mgm¨vÕ kxl©K Av‡jvPbv cÖKvwkZ nq 1947 mv‡ji 5 A‡±vei| †mLv‡b Av‡jvPbvi AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î ivóªfvlvi cÖ‡kœ gvZ…fvlv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Gfv‡eB evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ mg‡q Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K I e„w×Rxexiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡Lb|

†`k wefv‡Mi ci ivóªfvlvi cÖkœ

1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ †`k fvM n‡q ÔcvwK¯ÍvbÕ bvgK GKwU bZzb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nj| †`k wefv‡Mi mv‡_ mv‡_ ivóªfvlvi cÖkœwU ev¯Í‡ei gy‡LvgywL G‡m `uvovq| ivóªfvlv cÖkœwUi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgv‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖkœwU RwoZ n‡q hvq| cvwK¯Ívb m„wói ci ciB ZrKvjxb kvmK‡Mvôx ivóªfvlv cÖ‡kœ †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Dci GK lohš¿g~jK nUKvix wm×všÍ Pvwc‡q †`qvi cÖwµqv ïiæ K‡ib|

cvwK¯Ív‡bi Kv‡qgx ¯^v_©ev`x gymwjg kvmK I ivRbxwZwe`iv evsjv fvlv Z_v evOvjx RvwZmËv aŸs‡mi D‡Ï‡k¨ D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi AccÖqvm Pvjvb| cvwK¯Ív‡bi GK”QÎ AwacwZ Kv‡q‡` AvRg gyn¤§` Avjx wRbœvnmn ZrKvjxb cÖkvmK‡Mvôx c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiY ïiæ K‡ib| G KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQj cÖkvm‡bi `dZi¸‡jv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cÖwZwôZ Kivmn cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li fvlv evsjv‡K ev` w`‡q †Kej D`y© I Bs‡iRx miKvwi mKj KvRKg© Pvjy Kiv| G‡Z K‡i gyw`ªZ mKj dig, UvKv, WvK-wU‡KU, gwb-AW©vi dig BZ¨vw` D`y© I Bs‡iRx‡Z gyw`ªZ n‡Z _v‡K| GB wm×všÍ wQj c~e© evsjvi msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Dci Pig AvNvZ| Gm‡ei weiæ‡× K_v ejvi gZ †Kvb RvZxq †bZv ZrKvjxb c~e© evsjvq wQj bv| c~e© evsjvi me©ÎB weivR KiwQj GK cÖwZK‚j I Qvqv”Qbœ cwi‡ek| evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kiv m¤ú‡K© wkwÿZ mgvR †Zgb m‡PZb wnj bv eis QvÎ I eyw×Rxex‡`i e„nËi As‡ki g‡a¨B D`y©i c‡ÿB g‡bvfve wQj| mvaviY gvbylI G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wPšÍv-fvebv Ki‡Zb bv| Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡mg IB cÖwZK‚j cwi‡e‡ki eY©bv w`‡q e‡jbt ÒmK‡jB Rv‡bb, ‡`k wefv‡Mi ci cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv wK nB‡e Zvnv jBqv gv_v NvgvBevi gZ †jvK Lye KgB wQj| ïay ZvnvB bq, GLb A‡b‡K cÖKvk¨ I AcÖKvk¨fv‡e D`y©i mg_©K wQ‡jb|Ó (m~Î: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvmÐ Aveyj Kv‡mg, cvwK¯Ívb ZgÏyb gRwjm, c„t-12)

fvlv ˆmwbK †gvnv¤§` †Zvqvnv e‡jbt Ò1947 mv‡j †`k wefv‡Mi mv‡_ mv‡_B fvlvi cÖkœwU D”PvwiZ nq| tfvlv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i eyw×Rxex mgvR †Zgb wPšÍv Ki‡Zb bv| tevsjv ivóªfvlv n‡eÐ GUv †Kvbw`b Kv‡iv gv_vq †Xv‡Kwb|Ó (m~Î: GKz‡ki msKjb, ¯§„wZPviY, 1981, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, c„t-87) evOvjx RvwZ I evsjvfvlvi GB msKUKvj m‡Ë¡I QvÎ I eyw×Rxex gn‡ji GKwU Ask ivóªfvlv cÖ‡kœ cÖwZev` I cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡jb|

1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM‡÷i ciciB KjKvZvq wmivR-D`-†`Šjv †nv‡U‡j wKQymsL¨K ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›` I QvÎiv mg‡eZ n‡qwQj cvwK¯Ív‡b Zv‡`i cieZx© KZ©e¨ I Kg©cš’v wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨| Zviv GKwU Kgx© m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib Ges MYZvwš¿K hyejxM bv‡g GKwU msMVb M‡o Zz‡jb| evsjv fvlv‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wkÿvi evnb I AvBb Av`vj‡Zi fvlv Kivi K_v ejv n‡jI ivóªfvlv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i †Kvb my¯úó e³e¨ wQj bv| cieZx©‡Z msMVbwUi †Kvb Kvh©µg I Aw¯ÍZ¡ jÿ¨ Kiv hvqwb| G cÖm‡½ e`iæwÏb Dgi e‡j‡Qbt ÒcÖ_g wKQyUv Kg©PvÂ‡j¨i ciB hyejxM wSgvBqv cwoqv‡Q|Ó (m~Î: c~e© evsjvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb I ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ 1g LÛ, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, c„-28)

RvwZi G‡nb Pig `yw`©‡b ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwe wb‡q Avwef©~Z n‡jb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_© weÁv‡bi ZrKvjxb cÖfvlK GK ÿYRb¥v gnvcyiæl Aa¨vcK (c‡i wcÖwÝcvj) Aveyj Kv‡mg| wZwb cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi gvÎ 17 w`‡bi gv_vq ÔZgÏyb gRwjmÕ bvgK GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZôvb MVb K‡i evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU avivevwnK Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡ib| G cÖm‡½ wewkó fvlv Av‡›`vjb M‡elK Aa¨vcK Gg, G evwl©‡Ki e³e¨ cÖwbavb‡hvM¨| wZwb e‡jb, ÒcvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi cÖv°v‡j ivóªfvlv wb‡q hLb weZK© PjwQj ZLb ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi kxl© ¯’vbxq ivRbxwZwe` †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©, †k‡i evsjv G †K dRjyj nK, Aveyj nvwkg, gIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cÖgyL †KnB KjKvZv †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wd‡i Av‡mbwb| G Kvi‡Y cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKvsk c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zv weivR KiwQj| G my‡hv‡M ivóªfvlvmn cÖkvmwbK Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÿgZvmxbiv c~e© cvKw¯Ív‡bi Dci cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi cÖqvm cvb| Gi d‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx kvmKPµ GK‡PwUqvfv‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi D”PiZ cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î AvwacZ¨ cvKv‡cv³ Ki‡jI †KD Gi cÖwZev` Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| Ggwb hyMmwÜÿ‡Y †`‡ki wKQy ms¯‹…wZ‡mex, Aa¨vcK, mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex K‡qK`dv wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wgwjZ n‡q wK Kiv hvq †m e¨vcv‡i civgk© K‡ib| Gme civgk© mfvq hviv wgwjZ n‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡mg, Aa¨vcK b~iæj nK fzBqv, kvgmyj Avjg, AvwRR Avng`, G‡KGg Avnmvb, b~iæj û`v, Awj Avnv`, †gvnv¤§` †Zvqvnv, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, Ave`yj gwZb Lvb †PŠayix cÖgyL| Zviv w¯’i K‡ib †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvôxi ˆel‡g¨i weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Kiv DwPZ Ges †mRb¨ msMVb M‡o †Zvjv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖwZev` Kiv wKsev msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi Av‡M D³ eyw×Rxex‡`i GKRb Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡mg wKQy ZrciZv Pvjvb| G m¤ú‡K© W. †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx e‡j‡Qbt ÒwZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h, gymwjg jxM †bZviv Zv‡`i †`qv cÖwZkªæwZ iÿv Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡eb| twZwb GKv ZLb LvRv bvwRgyÏx‡bi mv‡_ †`Lv K‡ib| wKš‘ bvwRgyÏxbI Zvi cÖ‡kœi mwVK Reve w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| LvRv bvwRgyÏxb Zv‡K RvwKi †nv‡m‡bi Kv‡Q cvVvb| RvwKi †nv‡mb e‡jb, eB wjLyb| wKš‘ c‡i Zv‡`i Drmvn I mn‡hvwMZv cvIqv hvqwb| G‡Z Aveyj Kv‡mg †`‡ki †bZv‡`i m¤ú‡K© nZvk n‡q c‡ob| wZwb fv‡eb †h, mvs¯‹…wZK Dcv‡q A_©vr †`‡ki †fZ‡i ewjô mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, wkÿv cÖf…wZ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó (m~Î: c~e© evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb W. †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx: XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1996, c„t 40-41)

G cUf‚wg‡ZB cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvôxi ivóªfvlvmn Ab¨vb¨ ˆelg¨g~jK Kvh©Kjv‡ci weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ ZgÏyb gRwjm bv‡g GKwU wecøex msMVb ˆZwi Kivi wm×všÍ nq Ges Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡mg I Zvi mv_xiv D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| (m~Î: ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm- Gg G evwY©K, GGBP †f‡ft cvewjwks nvDR, XvKv, c„t 28-29) 0

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