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1507 mv‡j ivdv‡qj Gu‡K‡Qb †m›U K¨v_vwib| GB Qwei BwZnvm A‡bKUv A¯úó| Abygvb Kiv nq Aóv`k kZ‡Ki w`‡K QwewU †iv‡g wQj| 1839 mv‡ji w`‡K GwU jÛb b¨vkbvj M¨vjvwii Rb¨ †Kbv nq| K¨vbvwi‡Ki `„wó‡Z i‡q‡Q g„`y welv`| Zvi GK nvZ ey‡Ki Dci| Ab¨ nvZ wb‡Pi w`‡K| ci‡b MvDb| Kuv‡a Iobv| IobvwU Kuva †_‡K †cQb w`‡q wb‡P †b‡g G‡m‡Q| MvDb I Iobvi fuv‡Ri g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Ac~e© mgš^q| ga¨hy‡M Ávb PP©v‡K AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡Zv| ZLb cvwÛ‡Z¨i Drm wQj `yBwUÐ cÖ_gZ ag© PP©v Ges wØZxqZ RMZ I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv | ga¨hy‡Mi cwÛZiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, wMÖK wPšÍvwe`iv cÖvK…wZK Áv‡bi wkL‡i †cuЇQ‡Q| Zv‡`i Áv‡bi Drm wQj evB‡ej| aªæc`x ms¯‹…wZi PP©v wLª÷vb a‡g©i ZË¡‡K †K›`ª K‡i weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| ga¨hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg L¨vwZgvb cwÛZ wQ‡jb Ugvm GKzBbvm (1225-1274)| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, wek¦v‡mi Drm n‡”Q hyw³| wZwb ag©Z‡Ë¡i m‡½ wMÖK `k©b‡K GKxf‚Z K‡ib| Zvi `k©b wQj ¯úó| wZwb Gwi÷U‡ji Abyi³ wQ‡jb| cieZx© mg‡q †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P© GKB `k©‡bi ixwZ I Av`k© Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| A‡bK wPÎK‡ii wP‡ÎB Zvi `k©‡bi cÖfve c‡o‡Q| Gici ax‡i ax‡i Ávb I weÁv‡bi RvMiY N‡U‡Q| wPÎKjv cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q bZzb hy‡M| ·qv`k kZ‡K wPÎwkíx‡`i cÖavb KvR wQj agx©q cy¯ÍK wPwÎZ Kiv| GB wPwÎZKiY c×wZ wQj †ivgv‡b¯‹ agx©q cy¯ÍK wPwÎZKi‡Yi †P‡q c„_K ai‡bi| †m mgq wPÎ A¼‡bi †ÿ‡Î A‡bK wkíx ev¯Íeev`x ixwZ AbymiY K‡ib| ga¨hy‡Mi †kl ch©v‡q aªæc`x mvwnZ¨, Ávb-weÁvb Ges wkíKjvi beRvMiY N‡U| be RvMi‡Yi ¯’cwZ ejv nq wPÎwkíx wR‡qv‡Ëv‡K| wZwb wPÎwk‡íi _vW© WvB‡gbkb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| eªæ‡b‡kjx Avwe®‹vi K‡ib cvim‡cKwUf| wZwbB me©cÖ_g †`Lvb, †Kvb e¯‘‡K †Pv‡Li wbKU †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q wb‡j Zv µgk †QvU n‡Z n‡Z we›`y‡Z cwiYZ nq| cvI‡jv D‡”P‡jv cvim‡cKwUf‡K MvwYwZK Kv‡e¨ cwiYZ K‡ib|

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1500-04 mv‡ji w`‡K ivdv‡qj †ekwKQy Qwe Auv‡Kb| G mgq wZwb e¨envi K‡ib D¾¡j is| wdMvi¸‡jv wQj fvimvg¨c~Y©| ivdv‡q‡ji Ab¨Zg †kªô m„wó n‡”Q ÔµvB÷ Ab w` µk DB_ w` fvwR©b,Õ Ô†m›U †R‡ivgÕ, Ô†m›U †gwi g¨vMWv‡jb A¨vÛ †m›U RbÕ (w` †gvì Aëviwcm)| wPÎwU jÛb b¨vkbvj M¨vjvwi‡Z msiwÿZ i‡q‡Q| 1502 mv‡j AuvKv GB Qwe‡Z e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q AZ¨šÍ D¾¡j is| µ‡ki Dc‡i whï SzjšÍ Ae¯’vq| µzkwe× whïi wb‡P nuvUz †Mu‡o e‡m Av‡Qb †m›U †R‡ivg Ges †gwi g¨vMWv‡jb| Zv‡`i wKQy `~‡i `uvwo‡q fvwR©b Ges †m›U Rb| Zv‡`i gv_vi Dc‡i whïi nvZ †_‡K S‡i cov i³ msMÖn Ki‡Q `yÕRb †`e`~Z| A‡bK wkíxB AvnZ whïi Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb, ZLb Zv‡K gv‡qi †Kv‡j †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gme Qwe‡Z whï‡K wb‡¯ÍR I GjvwqZ Ae¯’vq †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j gvby‡li g‡b cÖkvšÍ Abyf‚wZi m„wó nq| ivdv‡q‡ji ÔGb‡Uv¤^‡g›U Ad µvB÷Õ Qwe‡ZI whï‡KI †Kv‡j †`Lv hvq| 1507 mv‡ji w`‡K AuvKv GB Qwei g~j ˆewkó¨B n‡”Q Gi eY©bvg~jK web¨vm| G‡Z A‡bK RwUj KvR i‡q‡Q| cÖwZg~wZ© wb‡q ivdv‡qj A‡bK ÷vwW K‡i‡Qb| wZwb gv I wkïi Qwe wewPÎ iƒ‡c Ges i‡O Gu‡K‡Qb| Gme Wªwqs-Gi web¨vm¸‡jv MÖwš’j| Zvi GKwU Qwei bvg Ôw` †ej‡f‡Wqvi g¨v‡WvbvÕ| Z„Yf‚wg‡Z Kzgvix †gwi| QwewU †`L‡Z PgrKvi| wKš‘ GwUB †kl K_v bq| ivdv‡qj QwewUi Rb¨ †hme †¯‹P Gu‡K‡Qb, †m¸‡jv‡Z PgrKvwiZ¡ LyeB Kg| wZwb ÷vwWi gva¨‡g evi evi hv AR©b Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Zv n‡”Q wdMvi¸‡jvi mylg web¨vm I fvimvg¨| wZwb GKwU †¯‹P Ggbfv‡e Gu‡K‡Qb, hv‡Z wkï whï gv‡qi w`‡K gyL wdwi‡q mvg‡bi w`‡K hv‡”Q| Gi m‡½ ivdv‡qj GKwU MwZi aviYvI hy³ K‡i‡Qb| Gici wZwb wkï whïi Qwe weicxZ w`K †_‡KI Gu‡K‡Qb| wKš‘ wkï whï †cQ‡bi w`‡K ZvKv‡jI gv‡qi w`‡K ZvKvqwb| GKwU ÷vwW‡Z wkï whï Qvov wkï R‡biI Avwef©ve NwU‡q‡Qb|

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